摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a substrate having a barrier film for preventing copper diffusion having both a barrier function and a catalytic function, wherein the barrier properties during high-temperature heating is excellent.A substrate having, on a base material, a barrier film for preventing copper diffusion comprising one or more metal elements selected from tungsten, molybdenum and niobium, a metal element having a catalytic function in electroless plating such as ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium, and nitrogen contained in the form of a nitride of the aforementioned one or more metal elements selected from tungsten, molybdenum and niobium. The said barrier film for preventing copper diffusion is manufactured by sputtering in a nitrogen atmosphere using a target containing one or more metal elements selected from tungsten, molybdenum and niobium and the aforementioned metal element having a catalytic function in electroless plating.
摘要:
The present invention provides a plated article that has a thin seed layer having uniform thickness, formed by electroless plating and allowing formation of ultrafine wiring, and that avoids the complicated formation of a bilayer of a barrier layer and a catalytic metal layer prior to forming the seed layer. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the plated article. The plated article has an alloy thin film formed on a substrate and having a catalytically active metal (A) for electroless plating and a metal (B) capable of undergoing displacement plating with a metal ion contained in an electroless plating solution, and a metal thin film formed on the alloy thin film by electroless displacement and reduction plating. The alloy thin film of the catalytically active metal (A) and the metal (B) capable of displacement plating has a composition comprising 5 at % to 40 at % of the metal (A). The metal thin film formed by electroless displacement and reduction plating is a metal thin film having a thickness no greater than 10 nm and a resistivity no greater than 10 μΩ·cm. Preferably, the metal (B) has a barrier function with respect to a metal of the metal thin film.
摘要:
The present invention realizes efficient dust removal in an optical apparatus in such a manner that a single circuit drives a plurality of dust reduction optical elements to vibrate. When the optical elements have different resonance frequencies, it can be configured such that the vibration exciting frequency can be changed in a range including the resonance frequencies of all the optical elements. In this case, the optical element driven can also be switched according to the change in frequency so that only the optical element having a resonance frequency close to the driving frequency will be driven. Alternatively, it can be configured such that the driving time or applied voltage can be changed according to the characteristics of the optical element driven.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit having an image carrier, a developing agent container for holding a developing agent, and a developing agent supplier for supplying the developing agent from the developing agent container to the image carrier. A controller determines the amount of use of the image forming unit. A shaking mechanism shakes the image forming unit from time to time, at intervals determined by the controller according to the amount of use of the image forming unit. The shaking loosens the developing agent so as to maintain its fluidity, thereby avoiding faint image formation.
摘要:
An assembly includes a semiconductor device having surface-connecting terminals, a substrate having surface-connecting pads, and a capacitor having an approximately plate-shaped capacitor main body having a first surface on which the semiconductor device is mounted and a second surface at which the capacitor main body is mounted on the substrate and a plurality of electrically conductive vias penetrating the capacitor main body between the first and second surfaces and connected to the surface-connecting terminals and the surface-connecting pads.
摘要:
An image-forming apparatus includes a mechanism that controls the replenishment amount of toner to a predetermined value. A toner cartridge holds toner therein. The toner cartridge is detachably attached to a process cartridge. The process cartridge has a toner reservoir that holds the toner supplied from the toner cartridge, a photoconductive drum and a developing roller that supplies the toner to the photoconductive drum. A valve is located between the toner cartridge and the process cartridge and supplies the toner from the toner cartridge to the process cartridge. When the valve rotates, the valve supplies a volume of toner in such a way that the toner in the toner reservoir fills a volume not more than a predetermined fraction of a maximum capacity of the toner reservoir.
摘要:
An electronic image pickup apparatus comprises a photographic optical system; solid state image pickup devices disposed on a plant where a subject image formed by subject beams which have passed through the photographic optical system is formed; a main mirror disposed between the photographic optical system and the solid state image pickup devices, wherein a part of the main mirror is formed of a half mirror to divide the subject beams which have passed through the photographic optical system into an observing beam and a focus detecting beam; a sub-mirror for reflecting the subject beam which has passed through the part of the main mirror; a focus detecting optical system for forming an image of the subject beam reflected by the sub-mirror on a partial area of the solid image pickup devices; and an electrical circuit for outputting focus detecting information based on image signals of the partial areas of the solid image pickup devices. The structure provides an electronic image pickup apparatus which contributes to the down-sizing of the apparatus and to the reduction of production cost by eliminating an image pickup device which is dedicated for focus detection.
摘要:
The present invention provides an image pickup apparatus which photoelectrically converts an optical image transmitted through a photographing optical system and formed on a photoconductive surface. The image pickup apparatus includes a first microlens array and a second microlens array each of which has a focal position in the vicinity of the photoconductive surface and is arrayed in a two-dimensional manner, a first photoconductive element group including units each formed by a single photoconductive element which is disposed in the vicinity of the focal position of the first microlens array and outputs a first video signal, and a second photoconductive element group including units each formed by a pair of photoconductive elements which are disposed in the vicinity of the focal position of the second microlens array and output a pair of second video signals.
摘要:
A toner cartridge detachably is attached to an image forming apparatus. The toner cartridge includes a toner chamber that holds toner therein and a toner-agitating mechanism that agitates the toner in the toner chamber. The mechanism includes a crank shaft that includes a first crank pin and a second crank pin, the crank shaft being rotatably supported in the toner chamber. A rod has a first end rotatably coupled to the second crank pin and a second end slidably inserted in a guide path provided above the toner chamber. The second end has a permanent magnet or a magnetic flux sensitive element attached thereto. The rod moves upward and downward when the crank shaft is driven in rotation. A detection mechanism on the image apparatus side detects the magnetic flux or the permanent magnet.
摘要:
The present invention provides a magneto-resistance effect type head for reproducing, with a high sensitivity, information recorded at a high recording density on a recording medium while inhibiting occurrence of the Barkhausen noise, including a magneto-resistance effect element comprised of a multi-layer film containing a free magnetic layer having its magnetization direction changing in correspondence with an external magnetic field, an insulating film, a non-magnetic underlying layer formed on the insulating film, and one pair of magnetic domain-wall control layers formed on the underlying layer in its in-face direction with a predetermined spacing therebetween, for inhibiting movement of magnetic domain wall of the free magnetic layer, in such a configuration that the free magnetic layer has its both ends directly stacked on the pair of the magnetic domain-wall control layers and also has its middle part directly stacked on the underlying layer.