摘要:
A control system for an internal combustion engine having at least one fuel injection valve for injecting fuel to an intake pipe or a combustion chamber of the engine. Intake gas state parameters indicative of a state of the intake gases supplied to the engine are detected. Demand values of the intake gas state parameters are calculated according to operating condition parameters indicative of an operating condition of the engine. The intake gas state is controlled so that the intake gas state parameters coincide with the demand values. A control value is then calculated according to the operating condition parameters and deviations of the intake gas state parameters from the demand values. Accordingly, an amount of fuel injected by the at least one fuel injection valve is controlled according to the control value.
摘要:
An engine system includes a compressor system which is at least partially driven by an electric motor, and a turbine system. The system includes a detector for detecting an actual supercharging pressure. A target supercharging pressure is determined based on operational conditions of the engine. A first control demand value is calculated to drive the motor controller, such that the actual supercharging pressure approaches the target supercharging pressure. A target value of the first control demand value is determined based on the operational conditions of the engine. A second control demand value, a difference between the target value and the first control command value is applied to the turbine system to adjust the rotation of the turbine such that the first control demand value converges to the target value.
摘要:
A spin valve magnetoresistance sensor of a thin film magnetic head. In one embodiment, a spin valve magnetoresistance sensor is provided with a spin valve film, in which a base layer including a first base film of Ta or some other nonmagnetic metal and, on top of this, a second base film of an alloy represented by NiFeX (where X is at least one element selected from among Cr, Nb, Rh) is formed on a substrate, and on top of this are formed by layering a free magnetic layer and pinned magnetic layer arranged to enclose a nonmagnetic conductive layer, as well as an antiferromagnetic layer, the second base film has an fcc (face-centered cubic) structure and also has a (111) orientation.
摘要:
Oxygen can be doped into a gallium nitride crystal by preparing a non-C-plane gallium nitride seed crystal, supplying material gases including gallium, nitrogen and oxygen to the non-C-plane gallium nitride seed crystal, growing a non-C-plane gallium nitride crystal on the non-C-plane gallium nitride seed crystal and allowing oxygen to infiltrating via a non-C-plane surface to the growing gallium nitride crystal. Otherwise, oxygen can be doped into a gallium nitride crystal by preparing a C-plane gallium nitride seed crystal or a three-rotationally symmetric plane foreign material seed crystal, supplying material gases including gallium, nitrogen and oxygen to the C-plane gallium nitride seed crystal or the three-rotationally symmetric foreign seed crystal, growing a faceted C-plane gallium nitride crystal having facets of non-C-planes on the seed crystal, maintaining the facets on the C-plane gallium nitride crystal and allowing oxygen to infiltrating via the non-C-plane facets to the gallium nitride crystal.
摘要:
To manufacture fuel piping for connecting a fuel tank and a drive unit including an engine using a resin material at a low cost and to cause the fuel piping to suitably follow the movement of the fuel tank and the drive unit when the vehicle is being operated. A fuel piping includes connectors at both ends of a pipe member formed of resin material into a thin tubular shape for connecting between a fuel tank and a fuel injection apparatus for supplying fuel to an engine of a two-wheel vehicle or the like via the connectors. One or more bent portions are formed at the midsection of the pipe member of the fuel piping.
摘要:
A method of forming a semiconductor device having a quantum well structure, comprises the steps of: (a) forming a well film at a first temperature, the well film being made of a III-V nitride semiconductor containing nitrogen, indium and gallium; (b) forming a first barrier film on the well film, the first barrier film being made of a III-V nitride semiconductor containing nitrogen, indium and gallium, and an indium composition of the first barrier film being smaller than that of the well film; (c) changing temperature without forming a semiconductor film; and (d) forming a second barrier film at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, the second barrier film being made of a III-V nitride semiconductor on the first barrier film, the first barrier film being formed at a third temperature, the third temperature being equal to or higher than the first temperature, and the third temperature being lower than the second temperature.
摘要:
A method of forming a semiconductor device having a quantum well structure, comprises the steps of: (a) forming a well film at a first temperature, the well film being made of a III-V nitride semiconductor containing nitrogen, indium and gallium; (b) forming a first barrier film on the well film, the first barrier film being made of a III-V nitride semiconductor containing nitrogen, indium and gallium, and an indium composition of the first barrier film being smaller than that of the well film; (c) changing temperature without forming a semiconductor film; and (d) forming a second barrier film at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, the second barrier film being made of a III-V nitride semiconductor on the first barrier film, the first barrier film being formed at a third temperature, the third temperature being equal to or higher than the first temperature, and the third temperature being lower than the second temperature.
摘要:
A strainer device for a fuel tank includes a sucking passage member provided with a passage opened in the fuel tank; a filtering member attached to the sucking passage member for covering a hole of the passage; and a conduit connecting portion extending outside the fuel tank for connecting a conduit for guiding fuel passing through the filtering member. The conduit connecting member is attached to the sucking passage member, so that a concave portion is formed at a connecting portion for receiving a check valve for preventing the fuel from flowing back from outside of the fuel tank.
摘要:
An adsorbent state determining apparatus is provided for accurately determining the state of an adsorbent including a deterioration while ensuring elimination of the influence of impurities sticking on a sensor element of a humidity sensor. The adsorbent state determining apparatus determines the state of an adsorbent disposed in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for purifying exhaust gases. The adsorbent is capable of adsorbing hydrocarbons and moisture within exhaust gases. The adsorbent state determining apparatus comprises a humidity sensor disposed near the adsorbent in the exhaust system for detecting a humidity of exhaust gases; a heater for executing cleaning for removing impurities sticking on a sensor element of the humidity sensor; and an ECU for determining whether or not the heater has completed the cleaning, and for determining the state of the adsorbent in accordance with the humidity of exhaust gases detected by the humidity sensor when the ECU determines that the cleaning is completed.
摘要:
In a direct injection spark ignition engine which is operable in lean-burn operation modes including a pre-mixture combustion mode and a stratified combustion operation mode and a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio operation mode, which are different in the desired air/fuel ratio. The degradation of combustion state is detected through misfire detection and if it is determined to be degraded, the desired air/fuel ratio, the EGR flow rate and the ignition timing are changed when the engine is operated in the stratified combustion operation mode, while the desired air/fuel ratio, the EGR flow rate and the purge flow rate are changed when the engine is operated in the pre-mixture combustion operation mode, thereby ensuring to suppress the combustion state degradation effectively.