摘要:
Composite hydrogen transport membranes, which are used for extraction of hydrogen from gas mixtures are provided. Methods are described for supporting metals and metal alloys which have high hydrogen permeability, but which are either too thin to be self supporting, too weak to resist differential pressures across the membrane, or which become embrittled by hydrogen. Support materials are chosen to be lattice matched to the metals and metal alloys. Preferred metals with high permeability for hydrogen include vanadium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, palladium, and alloys thereof. Hydrogen-permeable membranes include those in which the pores of a porous support matrix are blocked by hydrogen-permeable metals and metal alloys, those in which the pores of a porous metal matrix are blocked with materials which make the membrane impervious to gases other than hydrogen, and cermets fabricated by sintering powders of metals with powders of lattice-matched ceramic.
摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a ceramic member with excellent balance between oxygen ion conductivity and endurance (resistance to cracking and the like), an oxygen ion permeation module and a chemical reactor such as an oxygen separator, using such a ceramic member. The ceramic member with oxygen ion conductivity in accordance with the present invention has a perovskite-type crystal structure and a composition represented by the general formula (Ln1-xMx)(Ti1-yFey)O3 (where Ln represents at least one element selected from lanthanoids, and M represents at least one element selected from the group containing Sr, Ca, and Ba, 0
摘要:
As a magnetic material for high frequencies provided in a high-frequency circuit component used as a high-frequency nonreciprocal circuit device, for example, a circulator and an isolator, a magnetic material which can be densely sintered at a relatively low temperature and has a reduced ferromagnetic resonance half width is provided. The magnetic material for high frequencies is primarily composed of yttrium iron-based garnet in which Ca substitutes for a part of Y site, and V substitutes for a part of Fe site, and does not substantially contain tetravalent nor pentavalent elements, other than V, or contains about 0.5% by weight or less of oxide of this element, and the ratio of Ca atoms to V atoms, Ca/V, falls within the range of 2.0
摘要:
As a magnetic material for high frequencies provided in a high-frequency circuit component used as a high-frequency nonreciprocal circuit device, for example, a circulator and an isolator, a magnetic material which can be densely sintered at a relatively low temperature and has a reduced ferromagnetic resonance half width is provided. The magnetic material for high frequencies is primarily composed of yttrium iron-based garnet in which Ca substitutes for a part of Y site, and V substitutes for a part of Fe site, and does not substantially contain tetravalent nor pentavalent elements, other than V, or contains about 0.5% by weight or less of oxide of this element, and the ratio of Ca atoms to V atoms, Ca/V, falls within the range of 2.0
摘要:
A material for use in a 1.5 .mu.m wide-band optical isolator, includes a bismuth-substituted terbium-iron garnet single crystal having a composition of Bi.sub.x Tb.sub.3-x Fe.sub.5 O.sub.12 in which x is 0.35 to 0.45. This bismuth-substituted terbium-iron garnet single crystal is grown by a solid phase reaction. A process for producing such a material is also disclosed.
摘要:
The materials to be sintered are placed in a deformable container which is in turn placed within a non-deformable treatment module equipped with heating means. The temperature of the container is increased under constant pressure until commencement of sintering. The temperature and pressure of the materials are increased simultaneously until sintering conditions are achieved, then maintained at a level stage for a predetermined period of time. The pressure is then reduced to the normal value while maintaining the temperature. The temperature is finally reduced to the room-temperature value.
摘要:
A method of growing monocrystalline bismuth rare earth iron garnet, either as a single crystal or as an epitaxial layer, from a solution containing composing components of the garnet together with a flux. The flux consists essentially of a mixture of Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 and RO.sub.2, wherein R is at least one of the elements Si, Ge, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce and Te, wherein the system Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 --RO.sub.2 includes a eutectic composition having a eutectic temperature which is below the melting temperature of pure Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3. By using these Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 --RO.sub.2 fluxes, the monocrystalline garnets produced have lower optical absorption coefficients at, for example 5100 A and 5600 A than similar garnets grown using lead-containing fluxes. Furthermore higher growth rates and higher growth temperatures are possible when using the Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 --RO.sub.2 fluxes rather than lead-containing fluxes.
摘要翻译:从含有石榴石的组成成分的溶液与助熔剂一起生长单晶铋稀土铁石榴石的方法,其作为单晶或外延层。 焊剂主要由Bi 2 O 3和RO 2的混合物组成,其中R是Si,Ge,Ti,Sn,Zr,Ce和Te中的至少一种元素,其中系统Bi 2 O 3 -OR 2包括具有共晶温度的共晶组合物, 低于纯Bi2O3的熔融温度。 通过使用这些Bi2O3-RO2助熔剂,与使用含铅焊剂生长的类似石榴石相比,所生产的单晶石榴石在例如5100A和5600A处具有较低的光吸收系数。 此外,当使用Bi2O3-RO2焊剂而不是含铅焊剂时,更高的生长速率和更高的生长温度是可能的。
摘要:
Partial substitution of small amounts of cobalt may result in a reduction in size of ''''bubble'''' magnetic domains in a variety of canted antiferromagnetic materials exemplified by rare earth orthoferrites. The reduction in domain size is ordinarily accomplished by virtue of a shift in the magnetic reorientation temperature, permitting improved device operation in this temperature region.
摘要:
An arrangement for moving single-wall domains is described which employs an in-plane magnetic field to incline a domain from alignment with an axis of preferred magnetization of the material in which it is moved. As the in-plane field reorients, the orientation of the inclination changes. The changing domain inclination is converted to domain translation along an axis defined by a magnetic overlay in which a permanent magnetic pattern is printed.
摘要:
A device for processing electromagnetic wave energy by converting the wave energy to spin waves and/or elastic waves, the present disclosure being particularly directed to the concept of providing a device made up of a single-crystal material which contains non-uniform material parameters to give graded values of material saturation 4 pi Ms. The material discussed in greatest detail is YIG and the non-uniform material parameters are furnished by doping the YIG with gallium. The graded material parameters in combination with an external magnetic bias field H result in an internal magnetic bias field H. The electromagnetic energy as it enters the material is acted upon in a manner that is influenced greatly by the contour of H. The contour of H in the present disclosure, in turn, is predetermined to present gradations in H which will allow the conversion mentioned and which allow predetermination of the wavenumber k of the magnons and/or phonons thereby formed. Furthermore, the place or space within the crystal at which conversion occurs can be somewhat determined by the profile of H thereby provided.
摘要翻译:一种用于通过将波能转换成旋转波和/或弹性波来处理电磁波能量的装置,本公开特别涉及提供由单晶材料构成的装置的概念,所述单晶材料包含不均匀的材料参数 给出材料饱和度的梯度值4 pi Ms.最详细讨论的材料是YIG,并且通过用镓掺杂YIG来提供不均匀的材料参数。 分级材料参数与外部磁偏置场H结合产生内部磁偏置场H.进入材料时的电磁能受H的大小影响很大。H的轮廓 在本公开中,反过来,预定为呈现H中的灰度,其将允许所提及的转换,并且允许预先确定由此形成的磁子和/或声子的波数k。 此外,发生转换的晶体内的位置或空间可以由提供的H的轮廓确定。