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公开(公告)号：US08181505B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-22
申请号：US12366963
申请日：2009-02-06
申请人： Michael Mertler , Bernd Sachweh , Markus Linsenbühler , Michael Schäfer , David Y. H. Pui , Heinz Fissan , Jing Wang , Weon Gyu Shin
发明人： Michael Mertler , Bernd Sachweh , Markus Linsenbühler , Michael Schäfer , David Y. H. Pui , Heinz Fissan , Jing Wang , Weon Gyu Shin
IPC分类号： G01N27/60
CPC分类号： G01N15/0266 , G01N2001/2223 , G01N2015/0092
摘要： A method is proposed for characterizing a totality of particles. The method can be used in particular for characterizing microparticular or nanoparticular aerosols. The method comprises the following steps: a) in a classification step, a class of the totality is selected, wherein the particles of the selected class have a prespecified mobility dm; b) in a counting step, a number N of the particles of the selected class is determined; c) in a charge determination step, a charge Q of the particles of the selected class is determined; and d) in an evaluation step, at least one morphological parameter is determined from the charge Q, the number N and the mobility dm, wherein the morphological parameter comprises at least one item of information about an agglomerate state of the particles.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种表征颗粒总数的方法。 该方法特别可用于表征微粒或纳米粒子气溶胶。 该方法包括以下步骤：a）在分类步骤中，选择一类的总数，其中所选类的粒子具有预定的迁移率dm; b）在计数步骤中，确定所选类别的数量N; c）在充电确定步骤中，确定所选类别的粒子的电荷Q; 和d）在评价步骤中，从电荷Q，数量N和迁移率dm确定至少一个形态参数，其中形态参数包括关于颗粒的聚集状态的至少一项信息。
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公开(公告)号：US5146244A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-08
申请号：US468650
申请日：1990-01-23
CPC分类号： G01J5/0022 , B08B17/02 , G01J5/0088 , G01J5/02 , G01J5/029 , G01J5/041 , G01J5/08 , G01J5/0875 , G01J5/0893 , G01J1/0411
摘要： A purging air flow system that causes air to pass over a pyrometer lens or window to keep it clean and free from particulate contaminants has an annular, continuous slot for air inlet around the periphery of the lens to permit flow of air across the lens without any obstructions in the path of flow inwardly from the outer edge of the lens. An asymmetric flow pattern is established across the lens surface, either by having a differential size slot at different peripheral portions of the peripheral edge of the lens or window, or by providing a radial swirl about the axis of the window so that when the air goes through the slot, the tangential velocity creates a moving asymmetric flow pattern on the window surface.
摘要翻译： 吹扫空气流动系统使得空气通过高温计透镜或窗口以保持其清洁并且没有颗粒状污染物，具有用于环绕透镜周边的空气入口的环形连续槽，以允许空气流过透镜而没有任何 从透镜的外边缘向内流动的路径中的障碍物。 通过在透镜或窗口的周边边缘的不同外围部分处具有差分尺寸的狭槽，或者通过围绕窗口的轴线提供径向涡流，使得当空气流过时，在透镜表面之间建立不对称的流动图案 通过狭槽，切向速度在窗口表面上产生移动的不对称流动模式。
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公开(公告)号：US4338784A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-13
申请号：US215457
申请日：1980-12-11
CPC分类号： F01N13/009 , F01N3/01 , F01N3/021 , F01N3/0211 , F01N3/033 , F01N3/037 , F02M26/15 , F01N2250/00 , F01N2250/08 , F01N2330/10 , F01N2330/20 , F01N2470/18 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/20
摘要： The method and apparatus for controlling particulate emissions from a combustion apparatus, as a diesel engine. Diesel engine exhaust particles are electrically charged during the formation of the particles in the engine combustion chamber. A particle collector is used to collect the electrically charged particles on collecting structures connected to a high voltage power supply and ground. The collecting structures of the particle collector can be a plurality of parallel metal plates, spaced cylindrical rods, or concentrically located cylindrical members. A fibrous matrix can be located adjacent the particle collecting structure to collect the charged particles as they move through the matrix. In one embodiment, the collected particles separate from the collecting structures and return to the engine intake. In another embodiment, a removable collecting cartridge has electrically conductive plates for collecting the charged particles. The entire cartridge is removed for cleaning or replacement. The hot exhaust gas from the engine can be used to oxidize the collected particles. The collected particles that are not oxidized can be separated from the collecting structures and re-entrained into the gas. The re-entrained particles are larger than the particles formed in the combustion apparatus. The large particles can be removed by a downstream particle collection device or mixed with fuel for the engine.
摘要翻译： 用于控制作为柴油发动机的燃烧装置的颗粒物排放的方法和装置。 柴油发动机废气颗粒在发动机燃烧室内形成颗粒期间被带电。 使用粒子收集器来收集连接到高压电源和接地的收集结构上的带电粒子。 颗粒收集器的收集结构可以是多个平行的金属板，间隔开的圆柱形杆或同心定位的圆柱形构件。 纤维基质可以位于颗粒收集结构附近，以便在带电粒子移动通过基质时收集带电粒子。 在一个实施例中，收集的颗粒与收集结构分离并返回到发动机进气口。 在另一个实施例中，可拆卸的收集盒具有用于收集带电粒子的导电板。 整个墨盒被清除或更换。 来自发动机的热废气可用于氧化收集的颗粒。 未被收集的未被氧化的颗粒可以从收集结构中分离并重新夹带到气体中。 再夹带的颗粒大于在燃烧装置中形成的颗粒。 大颗粒可以通过下游的颗粒收集装置去除或与用于发动机的燃料混合。
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公开(公告)号：US08028646B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-04
申请号：US11390606
申请日：2006-03-28
申请人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
发明人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
IPC分类号： B05C7/02
CPC分类号： B05B5/0255 , A61F2/86 , A61L31/10 , A61L31/16 , A61L2300/00 , A61L2300/622 , A61L2420/02 , B05B1/14 , B05B5/025 , B05B5/03 , B05B5/0533 , B05B5/08 , B05B5/082 , B05B7/066 , B05B7/0884 , B05B13/0228 , B05D1/002 , B05D1/04 , B05D1/045
摘要： Methods and systems for coating at least a portion of a medical device (e.g., a stent structure) include providing a plurality of coating particles (e.g., monodisperse coating particles) in a defined volume. For example, the particles may be provided using one or more nozzle structures, wherein each nozzle structure includes at least one opening terminating at a dispensing end. The plurality of coating particles may be provided in the defined volume by dispensing a plurality of microdroplets having an electrical charge associated therewith from the dispensing ends of the one or more nozzle structures through use of a nonuniform electrical field between the dispensing ends and the medical device. Electrical charge is concentrated on the particle as the microdroplet evaporates. With a plurality of coating particles provided in the defined volume, such particles can be moved towards at least one surface of the medical device to form a coating thereon (e.g., using an electric field and/or a thermophoretic effect).
摘要翻译： 用于涂覆医疗装置（例如，支架结构）的至少一部分的方法和系统包括在限定体积内提供多个涂层颗粒（例如，单分散涂层颗粒）。 例如，可以使用一个或多个喷嘴结构来提供颗粒，其中每个喷嘴结构包括终止于分配端的至少一个开口。 通过使用分配端和医疗装置之间的不均匀的电场，可以通过从一个或多个喷嘴结构的分配端分配具有与其相关联的电荷的多个微滴，来将多个涂层颗粒设置在限定的体积中 。 当微滴蒸发时，电荷集中在颗粒上。 利用设置在限定体积中的多个涂覆颗粒，这样的颗粒可以朝向医疗装置的至少一个表面移动以在其上形成涂层（例如，使用电场和/或热溶胶效应）。
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公开(公告)号：US07951428B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-31
申请号：US11701200
申请日：2007-01-31
申请人： Robert A. Hoerr , John V. Carlson , Da-Ren Chen , David Y. H. Pui
发明人： Robert A. Hoerr , John V. Carlson , Da-Ren Chen , David Y. H. Pui
IPC分类号： B05D1/04
CPC分类号： A61F2/06 , B05B1/06 , B05B1/14 , B05B5/025 , B05B5/08 , B05B7/061 , B05D1/04 , B05D1/06 , C25D5/003 , C25D5/006 , C25D17/007 , C25D21/12
摘要： Electrospray methods and systems for coating of objects (e.g., medical devices such as a stent structure) with an open matrix coating. The open matrix coating is formed by electrospray using one or more nozzle structures each having at least an inner and outer opening. A first flow of a liquid spray composition is provided to the inner opening and a second flow of a liquid diluent composition is provided to the outer opening (e.g., the liquid diluent composition including at least one solvent, such as a composition having a dielectric constant equal to or greater than 10).
摘要翻译： 电喷雾方法和用于用开放基质涂层涂覆物体（例如医疗装置，例如支架结构）的系统。 开放基质涂层通过使用一个或多个喷嘴结构的电喷雾形成，每个喷嘴结构至少具有内部和外部开口。 液体喷雾组合物的第一流动被提供到内部开口，并且液体稀释剂组合物的第二流动被提供到外部开口（例如，液体稀释剂组合物包括至少一种溶剂，例如具有介电常数的组合物 等于或大于10）。
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公开(公告)号：US07279322B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-09
申请号：US10809660
申请日：2004-03-25
申请人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
发明人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
IPC分类号： C12N15/88
CPC分类号： B01J2/006 , A61K39/00 , A61K48/00 , B01J2/04 , B01J2219/00371 , B01J2219/00436 , B05B5/025 , B05B5/03 , B05B5/0533 , B05B5/081 , B05B5/082 , B05B5/084 , B05B5/087 , B05B13/04 , C12M35/02 , C12N15/8207 , C12N15/87 , C12N15/895
摘要： An electrospraying apparatus and/or method is used to coat particles. For example, a flow including at least one liquid suspension may be provided through at least one opening at a spray dispenser end. The flow includes at least particles and a coating material. A spray of microdroplets suspending at least the particles is established forward of the spray dispenser end by creating a nonuniform electrical field between the spray dispenser end and an electrode electrically isolated therefrom. The particles are coated with at least a portion of the coating material as the microdroplet evaporates. For example, the suspension may include biological material particles.
摘要翻译： 使用电喷雾装置和/或方法来涂覆颗粒。 例如，可以通过喷雾分配器端部的至少一个开口提供包括至少一个液体悬浮液的流。 流动至少包括颗粒和涂层材料。 通过在喷雾分配器端部与与其分离的电极之间产生不均匀的电场，在喷雾分配器端的前方建立悬浮至少颗粒的微滴喷雾。 当微滴蒸发时，颗粒被涂覆有至少一部分涂层材料。 例如，悬浮液可以包括生物材料颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US06230572B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-15
申请号：US09249723
申请日：1999-02-12
申请人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen , Frederick R. Quant , Gilmore J. Sem , Heinz Fissan , Detlef Hummes , Frank Dorman
发明人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen , Frederick R. Quant , Gilmore J. Sem , Heinz Fissan , Detlef Hummes , Frank Dorman
IPC分类号： G01N100
CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 , G01N15/0266 , Y10S977/88 , Y10S977/881 , Y10S977/958
摘要： An apparatus for classifying polydisperse aerosols includes aerosol and sheath gas conduits for conducting a sample aerosol and a sheath gas toward a merger area. At the merger area the sheath gas and about ten percent of the sample aerosol merge, then travel through a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and along a tubular electrode of the DMA. Selected particles, i.e. particles having electrical mobilities within a narrow range, pass through a collection aperture of the electrode. The DMA output, an aerosol consisting of the selected particles, is provided to a condensation particle counter or other device for determining the aerosol concentration. The remainder of the sample aerosol is conducted away from the merger area along a bypass flow conduit. The bypass flow and an improved aerodynamic design provide for a slit at the merger area that is sufficiently narrow to minimize unwanted electric field penetration at the slit and DMA entrance. An annular flow restriction feature in the bypass conduit promotes and maintains laminar, uniform-velocity flow near the slit. The collection aperture is located medially along the tubular electrode, to prevent electrical field fringing near the aperture.
摘要翻译： 用于分类多分散气溶胶的装置包括用于将样品气溶胶和护套气体导向合并区域的气溶胶和鞘气导管。 在合并区域，护套气体和约10％的样品气溶胶合并，然后通过差示迁移率分析仪（DMA）和DMA的管状电极行进。 所选择的粒子，即具有窄范围内的电迁移率的粒子通过电极的收集孔。 将DMA输出（由所选颗粒组成的气溶胶）提供给冷凝颗粒计数器或用于确定气溶胶浓度的其它装置。 样品气溶胶的其余部分沿旁路流动导管远离合并区域。 旁路流动和改进的空气动力学设计为合并区域的狭缝提供足够窄的狭缝，以最小化狭缝和DMA入口处的不需要的电场穿透。 旁通管道中的环形流动限制特征促进并维持狭缝附近的层流均匀的流速。 收集孔沿着管状电极向内定位，以防止孔附近的电场边缘。
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公开(公告)号：US07498063B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-03
申请号：US10889341
申请日：2004-07-12
申请人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
发明人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
IPC分类号： B05D1/04
CPC分类号： B05B5/032 , A61F2/86 , B05B1/14 , B05B5/025 , B05B5/0255 , B05B5/08 , B05B5/087 , B05B7/0408 , B05B7/066 , B05B13/06
摘要： Spraying apparatus and methods that employ multiple nozzle structures for producing multiple sprays of particles, e.g., nanoparticles, for various applications, e.g., pharmaceuticals, are provided. For example, an electrospray dispensing device may include a plurality of nozzle structures, wherein each nozzle structure is separated from adjacent nozzle structures by an internozzle distance. Sprays of particles are established from the nozzle structures by creating a nonuniform electrical field between the nozzle structures and an electrode electrically isolated therefrom.
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公开(公告)号：US5973904A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-26
申请号：US949154
申请日：1997-10-10
申请人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
发明人： David Y. H. Pui , Da-Ren Chen
CPC分类号： H05H1/24 , B05B5/0533 , G01N15/0266 , H01J49/04
摘要： A method for charging of aerosol particles includes providing a charger housing having a longitudinal axis extending between an inlet and an outlet of the charger housing with a stream of aerosol particles flowing parallel to the longitudinal axis from the inlet to the outlet. A confined electric field is created within the housing parallel to the longitudinal axis for directing a stream of unipolar ions to flow parallel to the longitudinal axis of the charger housing towards the outlet for use in charging the stream of aerosol particles. To further reduce charged particle loss within the charger housing, a clean sheath may be created between the stream of aerosol particles and the charger housing, an outlet electric field may be created proximate the outlet of the charger housing such that charged particles are forced towards the longitudinal axis, and/or the stream of aerosol is contracted proximate the outlet of the charger housing forcing the charged particles toward the longitudinal axis. Apparatus for carrying out the method is also described.
摘要翻译： 一种用于装载气溶胶颗粒的方法包括提供充电器壳体，该充电器壳体具有在充电器壳体的入口和出口之间延伸的纵向轴线，其具有平行于纵向轴线从入口到出口流动的气溶胶粒子流。 在壳体内平行于纵向轴线产生限制的电场，用于引导单极离子流平行于充电器壳体的纵向轴线朝向出口流动以用于对气溶胶颗粒物流充电。 为了进一步减少充电器壳体内的带电粒子损失，可以在气溶胶粒子流和充电器壳体之间产生干净的鞘，可以在充电器壳体的出口附近产生出口电场，使得带电粒子被迫朝向 纵向轴线和/或气溶胶流在靠近充电器壳体的出口处收缩，迫使带电粒子朝向纵向轴线。 还描述了用于执行该方法的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4304096A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-08
申请号：US38077
申请日：1979-05-11
CPC分类号： F01N13/009 , F01N3/01 , F01N3/021 , F01N3/0211 , F01N3/037 , F02M26/15 , F01N2250/00 , F01N2330/10 , F01N2330/20 , F01N2470/18 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/20 , Y10S55/30
摘要： The method and apparatus for controlling particulate emissions from a combustion apparatus, as a diesel engine. Diesel engine exhaust particles are electrically charged during the formation of the particles in the engine combustion chambers. A particle collector is used to collect the electrically charged particles on collecting structures connected to a high voltage power supply and ground. The collecting structures of the particle collector can be a plurality of parallel metal plates, spaced cylindrical rods, or concentrically located cylindrical members. A fibrous matrix can be located adjacent the particle collecting structure to collect the charged particles as they move through the matrix. In one embodiment, the collected particles separate from the collecting structures and return to the engine intake. In another embodiment, a removable collecting cartridge has electrically conductive plates for collecting the charged particles. The entire cartridge is removed for cleaning or replacement. The hot exhaust gas from the engine can be used to oxidize the collected particles. The collected particles that are not oxidized can be separated from the collecting structures and re-entrained into the gas. The re-entrained particles are larger than the particles formed in the combustion apparatus. The large particles can be removed by a downstream particle collection device.
摘要翻译： 用于控制作为柴油发动机的燃烧装置的颗粒物排放的方法和装置。 在发动机燃烧室内形成颗粒期间，柴油发动机废气颗粒被带电。 使用粒子收集器来收集连接到高压电源和接地的收集结构上的带电粒子。 颗粒收集器的收集结构可以是多个平行的金属板，间隔开的圆柱形杆或同心定位的圆柱形构件。 纤维基质可以位于颗粒收集结构附近，以便在带电粒子移动通过基质时收集带电粒子。 在一个实施例中，收集的颗粒与收集结构分离并返回到发动机进气口。 在另一个实施例中，可拆卸的收集盒具有用于收集带电粒子的导电板。 整个墨盒被清除或更换。 来自发动机的热废气可用于氧化收集的颗粒。 未被收集的未被氧化的颗粒可以从收集结构中分离并重新夹带到气体中。 再夹带的颗粒大于在燃烧装置中形成的颗粒。 大颗粒可以通过下游颗粒收集装置去除。
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