摘要:
Some engine applications place spatial constraints on heat exchangers, such as oil coolers. In such a case, a heat exchanger having an oblong rather than a circular cross section can satisfy spatial constraints, and with certain internal geometry, may permit improved heat rejection performance while potentially enabling a cost reduction through a reduction in materials. The heat exchanger has a housing which defines a heat exchanging cavity within which a tube bundle is positioned. The tube bundle is made up of a plurality of tubes in a hexagonal packing pattern that are supported by a plurality of baffles. The tube bundle and the housing define a serpentine flow path between an inlet and an outlet. The serpentine flow path includes a plurality of segments that are generally perpendicular to the tubes, and these segments are separated by flow direction changing windows. The tube bundle has a gap distance at the windows that is relatively large, and a gap distance away from the windows that is relatively small. In addition, each of the tubes of the tube bundle is adjacent to at least three other tubes, such that the perimeter set of tubes creates a hexagonal shape.
摘要:
A soldering jig assembly for soldering conductors together includes a plate that may be positioned on a support surface. A pair of gripping units is provided. Each of the gripping units is coupled to the plate and each of the gripping units is selectively manipulated. Each of the gripping units engages an associated one of a pair of conductors.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for improving fuel usage while addressing knock by adjusting the use of spark retard and direct injection of a knock control fluid based on engine operating conditions and the composition of the injected fluid. One or more engine parameters, such as EGR, VCT, boost, throttle position, and CMCV, are coordinated with the direct injection to reduce torque and EGR transients.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for improving fluid usage while addressing knock by adjusting the use of spark retard and direct injection of a fluid based on engine operating conditions and the composition of the injected fluid. One or more engine parameters, such as EGR, VCT, boost, throttle position, are coordinated with the direct injection to reduce torque and EGR transients.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for improving fluid usage while addressing knock by adjusting the use of spark retard and direct injection of a fluid based on engine operating conditions and the composition of the injected fluid. One or more engine parameters, such as EGR, VCT, boost, throttle position, are coordinated with the direct injection to reduce torque and EGR transients.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for improving fluid usage while addressing knock by adjusting the use of spark retard and direct injection of a fluid based on engine operating conditions and the composition of the injected fluid. One or more engine parameters, such as EGR, VCT, boost, throttle position, are coordinated with the direct injection to reduce torque and EGR transients.
摘要:
A method of characterizing a nucleic acid sample is provided that includes the steps of: (a) conducting a DNA polymerase reaction that includes the reaction of a template, an allele specific primer, at least one terminal phosphate-labeled nucleotide, DNA polymerase, and optionally an enzyme having 3′→5′ exonuclease activity when the primer is non-hydrolyzable, which reaction results in the production of labeled polyphosphate; (b) permitting the labeled polyphosphate to react with a phosphatase to produce a detectable species; (c) detecting the detectable species; and (d) characterizing the nucleic acid sample based on such detection.
摘要:
This invention presents a new cDNA amplification method. RNA is first converted to cDNA. The synthesis of cDNA can include a promoter tagged oligonucleotide, and then this cDNA is ligated to form circles (or possibly concatemers). This is then amplified using a Phi29 DNA polymerase based rolling circle and strand displacement amplification. The invention allows for RNA promoter sequences to be attached to the cDNA to facilitate additional amplification through the generation of RNA from the amplified cDNA. The resulting product can then be used to make materials for gene expression studies or other RNA analysis procedures.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are sprayable insect repellent compositions that provide improved skin feel through the incorporation of a powder ingredient. The powder is essentially permanently suspended in the composition by a thickener (e.g. carbomer thickener) so that no shaking to resuspend settled out powder is necessary immediately before the composition is applied to the skin. This is achieved in an aerosol or spritz spray formulation, while avoiding clogging problems. One composition contains ethanol, DEET or picaridin, carbomer thickener, a neutralizer, corn starch powder, water, and gas propellant.
摘要:
A stone cutting system effective for mechanically delineating defined datum points in a Cartesian coordinate system by positioning at least one datum point defining means per coordinate comprising a combination blocking and clamping device, a table of a computer numerically controlled (CNC) stoneworking machine, a locating means positioned on the table, the blocking and clamping device being in the form of a parallelepiped including a bottom surface having a plurality of apertures adapted to enable positioning about the locating means, a top surface having a first blocking edge and a second clamping edge, including at least one means for clamping a workpiece within said top surface second clamping edge, a left side surface, a right side surface, a front surface, a rear surface, and at least one means for fixation of said device on said table.