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    Three dimensional electrode for the electrolytic removal of contaminants from aqueous waste streams
    1.
    发明授权
    Three dimensional electrode for the electrolytic removal of contaminants from aqueous waste streams 失效
    用于从废水流中电除去污染物的三维电极

    公开(公告)号：US06298996B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

    申请号：US09496557

    申请日：2000-02-02

    申请人： Ella F. Spiegel ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    发明人： Ella F. Spiegel ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    IPC分类号： C02F1461

    CPC分类号： C02F1/4672 ,  C02F1/46114 ,  C02F1/4678 ,  C02F2101/20

    摘要： Efficient and cost-effective electrochemical devices and processes for the remediation of aqueous waste streams. The invention provides electrolytic cells having a high surface area spouted electrode for removal of heavy metals and oxidation of organics from aqueous environments. Heavy metal ions are reduced, deposited on cathode particles of a spouted bed cathode and removed from solution. Organics are efficiently oxidized at anode particles of a spouted bed anode and removed from solution. The method of this inventions employs an electrochemical cell having an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment, separated by a microporous membrane, in and through which compartments anolyte and catholyte, respectively, are circulated. A spouted-bed electrode is employed as the cathode for metal deposition from contaminated aqueous media introduced as catholyte and as the anode for oxidation of organics from contaminated aqueous media introduced as anolyte.

    摘要翻译： 高效和具有成本效益的电化学装置和用于修复含水废物流的方法。 本发明提供具有高表面积喷射电极的电解池，用于去除重金属和从水性环境中氧化有机物。 重金属离子被还原，沉积在喷射床阴极的阴极颗粒上并从溶液中除去。 有机物在喷射床阳极的阳极颗粒处有效氧化并从溶液中除去。 本发明的方法使用电化学电池，其具有分别由阳离子电解质和阴极电解液分别分隔开并通过其分隔的阳极电解液室和由微孔膜隔开的阴极电解液室。 喷射床电极用作金属沉积的阴极，用于从作为阴极电解液引入的污染的水性介质和作为阳极电解液的污染的水性介质氧化有机物的阳极。

    Polymer electrolytes
    2.
    发明授权
    Polymer electrolytes 失效

    公开(公告)号：US06447952B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

    申请号：US09587439

    申请日：2000-06-05

    申请人： Ella F. Spiegel ,  Anthony F. Sammells ,  Kresimir Adamic

    发明人： Ella F. Spiegel ,  Anthony F. Sammells ,  Kresimir Adamic

    IPC分类号： H01M458

    CPC分类号： H01M10/052 ,  H01M4/13 ,  H01M4/485 ,  H01M4/505 ,  H01M10/0565

    摘要： This invention provides alkali ion conducting polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and elastomeric properties suitable for use in high energy batteries. The polymer electrolytes are cyclic carbonate-containing polysiloxanes that can be modified with a cross linker or chain extender, and an alkali metal ion-containing material dissolved in the carbonate-containing polysiloxane. The cyclic carbonate-containing polysiloxanes may be prepared by reacting derivatized polysiloxanes with chain extending and/or crosslinking agents. The invention also provides batteries prepared by contacting an alkali metal anode with an alkali metal intercalating cathode and an alkali ion-conducting polymer electrolyte. As one example, polymers prepared from poly {3[2,3-(carbonyldioxy)propoxy]propyl]methyl siloxane, a polysiloxane with cyclic carbonate side chains, have shown promising results for battery applications. This polymer was crosslinked with methyltriacetoxy silane and incorporates lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate into the polymer matrix as the ion conductor. Polymers were prepared using various solvent systems and temperatures in order to produce a polymer film with the desired properties for this application. Each polymer made from the precursor poly {3[2,3-(carbonyldioxy)propoxy]propyl]methyl siloxane exhibits a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of −100° C. to −70° C. and ionic conductivity of 6.5×10−5 at 25° C. and 5.3×10−4 at 60° C. which indicates that this material has distinct possibilities in lithium battery applications. Materials are flexible and readily adhere to the electrode surface. Polymers are synthesized by initially forming alkyl chains which include an ester carbonic acid group. The ester carbonic acid contains the ether oxygen within the single phase polymer matrix which facilitates the ionic dissociation of lithium salts. Ester carbonic acids groups are formed by the transesterification of alkyl diols such as 3-(allyloxy)-1,2-propanediol and 1,2 hexanediol with diethyl carbonate. This reaction produces ester carbonic acids with reactive end groups such as alkyls and alkanes which can then be further reacted to form dihalide end groups. Reactive groups on the ester carbonic acid are then reacted with various polymethyl siloxanes which serve as the polymer backbone for single phase elastomeric polymers which readily dissolve lithium salts.

    Solid state proton and electron mediating membrane and use in catalytic membrane reactors
    5.
    发明授权
    Solid state proton and electron mediating membrane and use in catalytic membrane reactors 失效
    固态质子和电子介导膜，用于催化膜反应器

    公开(公告)号：US06281403B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-08-28

    申请号：US09457884

    申请日：1999-12-10

    申请人： James H. White ,  Michael Schwartz ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    发明人： James H. White ,  Michael Schwartz ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    IPC分类号： C07C5333

    CPC分类号： C07C2/84 ,  B01J23/002 ,  B01J35/065 ,  B01J2523/00 ,  C07C2527/047 ,  B01J2523/24 ,  B01J2523/3712 ,  B01J2523/842

    摘要： Mixed electron- and proton-conducting metal oxide materials are provided. These materials are useful in fabrication of membranes for use in catalytic membrane reactions, particularly for promoting dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, oligomerization of hydrocarbons and for the decomposition of hydrogen-containing gases. Membrane materials are perovskite compounds of the formula: AB1−xB′xO3−y where A=Ca, Sr, or Ba; B=Ce, Tb, Pr or Th; B′=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu; 0.2≦x≦0.5, and y is a number sufficient to neutralize the charge in the mixed metal oxide material.

    摘要翻译： 提供了混合的电子和质子传导金属氧化物材料。 这些材料可用于制造用于催化膜反应的膜，特别是用于促进烃的脱氢，烃的低聚和含氢气体的分解。 膜材料是下式的钙钛矿化合物：其中A = Ca，Sr或Ba; B = Ce，Tb，Pr或Th; B'= Ti，V，Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni或Cu; 0.2 <= x <= 0.5，y是足以中和混合金属氧化物材料中的电荷的数。

    Means and method for reducing oxalic acid to a product
    7.
    发明授权
    Means and method for reducing oxalic acid to a product 失效
    将草酸还原成产物的方法和方法

    公开(公告)号：US4560450A

    公开(公告)日：1985-12-24

    申请号：US724707

    申请日：1985-04-18

    申请人： Abraham Morduchowitz ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    发明人： Abraham Morduchowitz ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    IPC分类号： C25B3/04 ,  C25B3/00

    CPC分类号： C25B3/04

    摘要： Apparatus for reducing oxalic acid to a product includes a cell. A separator which separates the cell into two chambers; a catholyte chamber and an anolyte chamber. Each chamber has an inlet and an outlet. A porous cathode having a catalyst is arranged within the catholyte chamber so that a catholyte entering the inlet of the catholyte chamber will pass through the cathode. A porous anode is arranged within the anolyte section so that an electrolyte entering the inlet of the anolyte section will pass through the anode and exit through the outlet of anolyte section. A source provides the catholyte which is a mixture of oxalic acid and an electrolyte to the inlet of the catholyte chamber while another source provides the electrolyte to the inlet of the anolyte chamber. A d.c. voltage is provided between the cathode and the anode so as to cooperate in the reduction of oxalic acid within the porous cathode to a product which exits the catholyte chamber by way of its outlet.

    摘要翻译： 用于将草酸还原成产物的装置包括细胞。 将电池分离成两个室的分离器; 阴极电解液室和阳极电解液室。 每个室都有一个入口和一个出口。 具有催化剂的多孔阴极布置在阴极电解液室内，使得进入阴极电解液室入口的阴极电解液将通过阴极。 在阳极电解液部分内布置多孔阳极，使得进入阳极电解液部分入口的电解液将通过阳极并通过阳极电解液部分的出口排出。 来源提供阴极电解液，其是草酸和电解质的混合物到阴极电解液室的入口，而另一种源将电解质提供给阳极电解液室的入口。 一个d.c. 在阴极和阳极之间提供电压，以协同将多孔阴极内的草酸还原成通过其出口离开阴极电解液室的产品。

    Lithium-germanium electrodes for batteries
    8.
    发明授权
    Lithium-germanium electrodes for batteries 失效
    电池用锂锗电极

    公开(公告)号：US4346152A

    公开(公告)日：1982-08-24

    申请号：US169962

    申请日：1980-07-18

    申请人： Anthony F. Sammells ,  Michael R. St. John

    发明人： Anthony F. Sammells ,  Michael R. St. John

    IPC分类号： H01M4/40 ,  H01M4/66 ,  H01M10/39

    CPC分类号： H01M4/669 ,  H01M10/399 ,  H01M4/40 ,  H01M4/661

    摘要： This invention relates to lithium-germanium containing electrodes for electrical energy storage batteries, batteries containing such electrodes and a process for fabrication of such electrodes from materials in the charged and uncharged state. The electro-chemically active material may be a binary alloy of lithium-germanium or ternary alloys of lithium-germanium-silicon and lithium-germanium-aluminum. Negative electrodes for electrical storage batteries fabricated according to this invention provide batteries having improved stability over prior art lithium containing electrodes and provides a particularly advantageous negative electrode for use in lithium-metal sulfide batteries having improved stability.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于蓄电池的含锂锗电极，含有这种电极的电池以及由带电和不带电状态的材料制造这种电极的方法。 电化学活性材料可以是锂 - 锗或锂 - 锗 - 硅和锂 - 锗铝的三元合金的二元合金。 根据本发明制造的用于蓄电池的负电极提供具有比现有技术的含锂电极具有改进的稳定性的电池，并提供用于具有改进的稳定性的锂金属硫化物电池中的特别有利的负电极。

    Gas fixation solar cell using gas diffusion semiconductor electrode
    9.
    发明授权
    Gas fixation solar cell using gas diffusion semiconductor electrode 失效
    气体固定太阳能电池采用气体扩散半导体电极

    公开(公告)号：US4240882A

    公开(公告)日：1980-12-23

    申请号：US92484

    申请日：1979-11-08

    申请人： Peter G. P. Ang ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    发明人： Peter G. P. Ang ,  Anthony F. Sammells

    IPC分类号： C25B1/00 ,  C25B3/00 ,  H01M6/30

    CPC分类号： C25B3/04 ,  C25B1/003 ,  Y10S204/03

    摘要： A gas diffusion semiconductor electrode and solar cell and a process for gaseous fixation, such as nitrogen photoreduction, CO.sub.2 photoreduction and fuel gas photo-oxidation. The gas diffusion photosensitive electrode has a central electrolyte-porous matrix with an activated semiconductor material on one side adapted to be in contact with an electrolyte and a hydrophobic gas diffusion region on the opposite side adapted to be in contact with a supply of molecular gas.

    摘要翻译： 气体扩散半导体电极和太阳能电池以及气体固定的方法，例如氮光还原，CO 2光还原和燃料气体光氧化。 气体扩散感光电极具有中心电解质多孔基体，其一侧上具有活化的半导体材料，其适于与电解质接触，并且在相对侧的适于与分子气体供应接触的疏水性气体扩散区域。