Abstract:
A torch ignition type internal combustion engine has an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch passage to a compact main combustion chamber. A cavity in the cylinder head forming a part of the main combustion chamber is provided with two intake valves on one side of the cavity and one exhaust valve on the other side. A large squish area is formed between the upper surface of the piston and the lower surface of the cylinder head and one or more suction conduits connect this squish area to the torch passage between its ends. Two torch passages may be provided; one may extend into the cavity near the exhaust valve and the other into the cavity near the remote intake valve. A plug chamber receives the spark plug electrodes and this chamber is in communication with both the auxiliary combustion chamber and the torch passage. In one form of the invention one torch passage extends from the lower end of the auxiliary combustion chamber and the other torch passage extends from the plug chamber.
Abstract:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a copper-containing silica glass which emits fluorescence having a peak in a wavelength range of from 520 nm to 580 nm under irradiation of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 400 nm or less, and which is excellent in long term stability even in the high output use. The copper-containing silica glass is made to have copper of from 5 wtppm to 200 wtppm, which emits fluorescence having a peak in a wavelength range of from 520 nm to 580 nm under irradiation of ultraviolet light with a wavelength ranging from 160 nm to 400 nm, and in which an internal transmittance per 2.5 mm thickness at a wavelength of 530 nm is 95% or more.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an optical synthetic quartz glass material which substantially does not cause changes in transmitted wave surface (TWS) by solarization, compaction (TWS delayed), rarefaction (TWS progressed) and photorefractive effect when ArF excimer laser irradiation is applied at a low energy density, e.g. at energy density per pulse of 0.3 mJ/cm2 or less. The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the same. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the optical synthetic quartz glass material of the present invention is characterized in that, in a synthetic quartz glass prepared by a flame hydrolysis method using a silicon compound as a material, the followings are satisfied that the amount of SiOH is within a range of more than 10 ppm by weight to 400 ppm by weight, content of fluorine is 30 to 1000 ppm by weight, content of hydrogen is 0.1×1017 to 10×1017 molecules/cm3 and, when the amounts of SiOH and fluorine are A and B, respectively, total amount of A and B is 100 ppm by weight or more and B/A is 0.25 to 25.
Abstract translation:本发明提供了一种光学合成石英玻璃材料,其在低温下施加ArF准分子激光照射时,通过太阳化,压实(TWS延迟),稀释(TWS进行)和光折射效应基本上不会引起透射波面(TWS)的变化 能量密度,例如 每个脉冲的能量密度为0.3mJ / cm 2以下。 本发明还提供一种制造该方法的方法。 为了解决上述问题,本发明的光学合成石英玻璃材料的特征在于,在使用硅化合物作为材料的火焰水解法制备的合成石英玻璃中,满足以下条件: SiOH的量在大于10重量ppm至400重量ppm的范围内,氟含量为30至1000重量ppm,氢含量为0.1×10 17至10 10 17分子/ cm 3,当SiOH和氟的量分别为A和B时,A和B的总量为100重量ppm以上,B / A为 0.25至25。
Abstract:
A control device executes an overlap injection operation, in which one of the plurality of injectors is energized first to inject fuel, and a next one of the plurality of injectors is energized to inject fuel after starting of the energization of the one of the plurality of injectors while the one of the plurality of injectors is still kept energized. The control device corrects an energization period of the next one of the injectors by lengthening the energization period of the next one of the injectors in comparison to a normal energization period of the next one of the injectors, which is set for a non-overlap injection operation of the next one of the plurality of injectors.
Abstract:
A cylindrical, chlorine-free synthetic quartz glass blank of a specific size obtained by homogenizing a synthetic quartz glass ingot having periodic striae along a direction of growth has (a) striae grades in the working and off-axis directions which meet grade A of U.S. military specification MIL-G-174B, (b) average hydroxyl group concentrations in the working and off-axis directions of 700 to 1,000 ppm each, (c) average fictive temperatures in the working and off-axis directions of 850 to 950° C. each, and (d) a refractive index distribution for 633 nm wavelength light in the working direction of at most 1×10−6. The blank has a good transmittance to laser light, undergoes little deterioration when irradiated with laser light, and is particularly suitable for ArF excimer laser-related applications.
Abstract:
A known projection aligner for integrated circuit fabrication, in which an integrated circuit pattern image is projected on a wafer, comprises an ArF excimer laser and an optical system composed of groups of quartz glass optical members made of synthetic quartz glass. To provide a projection aligner having optical properties, such as durability, optical transmittance and the like, which are not degraded over a long time of operation and the optical system can be constructed at a low cost as a whole, it is suggested that the optical system comprises a first quartz glass optical member group whose hydrogen molecule concentration is in the range between 1.times.10.sup.17 and 5.times.10.sup.18 molecules/cm.sup.3 and a third quartz glass optical member group whose hydrogen molecule concentration is in the range between 5.times.10.sup.18 to 5.times.10.sup.19 molecules/cm.sup.3.
Abstract:
A high-purity silicone ladder polymer of high molecular weight which contains 1 ppm or less of sodium, potassium, iron, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese and chlorine, and 1 ppb or less of uranium and thorium; and whose polymerization degree is 600 to 10000. Trialkoxysilane compounds or trichlorosilane compounds are hydrolyzed to produce a high-purity silicone ladder prepolymer whose polymerization degree is 5 to 600. The silicone ladder prepolymer is subjected to dehydrative condensation by using a nucleophilic reagent as a catalyst, and then purified in a dissolution/reprecipitation method to yield the silicone ladder polymer.
Abstract:
A camera unit for an electronic conference is adapted to be set on a monitor, and comprises a stationary support base set on the monitor, a camera unit body provided on said stationary support base so as to be horizontally rotatable, a lens block supported to the camera unit body so as to be vertically rotatable, and a control device incorporated in the camera unit body, for controlling the rotation of the camera unit body and the lens block and the focal distance and zooming ratio of the lens block, the lens block is adapted to be turned between a horizontal position at which the lens block is stored in a recess formed in the camera unit body, and picks up a person in front thereof, and a vertical position at which the lens block is projected forward from the camera unit body so as to pick up a document set therebelow, and the control device controls the focal distance and zooming ratio of the lens block in accordance with a horizontally rotating position of the camera unit body and a vertical rotating position of the lens block.
Abstract:
In a semiconductor device and a method of fabrication thereof, a resin film forms an interlayer film of the semiconductor device having a multilayer interconnection structure, and is formed by only one coating using coating liquid containing silicone ladder polymers represented by the chemical formula: (HO).sub.2 (R.sub.2 Si.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.n H.sub.2. As a result, it is possible to improve long-term reliability of electric characteristics or the like, and simplify a process.
Abstract:
A duplicating photosensitive material film is brought into close contact with an ND glass reduced in thickness so as to become flexible or a flexible sheet or an ND glass coated with a cushioning layer through an optical contacting liquid containing a surface active agent. In addition, a spacer is interposed between a hologram original plate and a duplicating photosensitive material, and a space defined by the spacer is filled with an optical contacting liquid, thereby regulating the thickness of the optical contacting liquid layer with the spacer. Therefore, when pressure is applied, the optical contacting liquid is uniformly pressed, so that it can be made uniform and thin in thickness. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a failure of duplication of a hologram image due to undesirable flow of the optical contacting liquid. In addition, the wettability of the optical contacting liquid improves, so that it is possible to prevent trapping of air and foaming and to make the optical contacting liquid uniform and thin in thickness. Thus, it becomes possible to duplicate a hologram image excellently. In addition, a cushioning layer is provided on the inner side of an AR coated ND glass or on the upper side of a photosensitive material film, and another cushioning layer is provided on the side of an original plate protecting glass which is closer to the optical contacting liquid or on the lower side of the photosensitive material film. With this arrangement, even if dust enters, it can be effectively held inside the cushioning layers. Thus, it is possible to prevent undesirable flow of the optical contacting liquid and lifting of the film due to dust and hence possible to perform duplication effectively without any hindrance. Also disclosed is a hologram producing apparatus which includes mechanisms for feeding and taking up a duplicating photosensitive material film, and a contacting liquid dropping mechanism. The apparatus further includes a mechanism for nipping an excess of contacting liquid dropped, a mechanism for drying the contacting liquid attached to the exposed duplicating photosensitive material film, a mechanism for positioning the film, etc.