摘要:
A reactor for plating a metal onto a surface of a workpiece is set forth. The reactor comprises a reactor bowl including an electroplating solution disposed therein and an anode disposed in the reactor bowl in contact with the electroplating solution. A contact assembly is spaced from the anode within the reactor bowl. The contact assembly includes a plurality of contacts disposed to contact a peripheral edge of the surface of the workpiece to provide electroplating power to the surface of the workpiece. The contacts execute a wiping action against the surface of the workpiece as the workpiece is brought into engagement therewith The contact assembly also including a barrier disposed interior of the plurality of contacts. The barrier includes a member disposed to engage the surface of the workpiece to assist in isolating the plurality of contacts from the electroplating solution. In one embodiment, the plurality of contacts are in the form of discrete flexures while in another embodiment the plurality of contacts are in the form of a Belleville ring contact. A flow path may be provided in the contact assembly for providing a purging gas to the plurality of contacts and the peripheral edge of the workpiece. The purging gas may be used to assist in the formation of the barrier of the contact assembly. A combined electroplating/electroless plating tool and method are also set forth.
摘要:
The invention provides an improved contact ring and an improved workpiece support, each of which is useful alone or jointly with the other in a workpiece holder for electrochemically treating microelectronic workpieces. Several embodiments of the invention provide a composite contact ring having a dielectric base carrying a conductor which delivers electric power to a microelectronic workpiece. The dielectric base may be rigid and define a plurality of rigid fingers, each of which carries a separate electrical contact of the conductor. Such a contact ring is expected to have a long service life and enhance uniformity of electrochemical treatment. Several embodiments of the invention provide a workpiece support which induces a control the flexure of a microelectronic workpiece without damaging the workpiece. This controlled flexure can ensure more uniform contact between the workpiece and a contact assembly despite variations in the workpiece and/or the contact assembly.
摘要:
A desired protein having the formula: A--B--C--P wherein a) A is Lys or Arg, and B and C are arbitrary amino acids, or b) A is an arbitrary amino acid different from Pro, Lys and Arg, and B and/or C is Pro, is produced from a biosynthetically formed amino acid extended protein having the formula: X--A--B--C--P wherein A, B, C and P are as defined above, and X is an amino acid sequence with an even number of amino acids, of which the first one, seen from the N-terminal end, is different from Lys and Arg, all other uneven amino acids are different from Pro, Lys and Arg, and all even amino acids are different from Pro, by reaction with the enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DAP I). The desired protein is obtained in a pure state. Thus, e.g. hGH without content of Met-hGH may be produced by the process.
摘要:
A desired protein having the formula:A-B-C-P,wherein (a) A is Lys or Arg, and B and C are arbitrary amino acids, or (b) A is an arbitrary amino acid different from Pro, Lys, and Arg, and B and/or C is Pro is produced from a biosynthetically formed amino-terminally extended protein having the formula:X-A-B-C-P,wherein A, B, C are defined above, and X is an amino acid sequence with an even number of amino acids, of which the first amino acid, seen from the N-terminal end, is different from Lys and Arg, all other am/no acids are different from Pro, Lys and Arg, and all even amino acids are different from Pro, by reaction with the enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DAP I). The desired protein is obtained in a pure state. Specifically, P is human growth hormone (hGH). Thus, compositions of hGH may be produced without the presence of Met-hGH.
摘要:
A tissue bath system with containers and sample holders for holding tissue sample inside tissue medium in the containers, where each sample holder is connected to a force transducer for measuring force exerted on the holder by contraction of the tissue sample upon stimulation. The system further comprises a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of the tissue medium in the sample container. The system comprises a container station with chambers for placement of at sample containers in the chambers, wherein the temperature regulation system has means for providing a temperature regulated air stream into the chambers for regulation of the temperature in the container.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to a method of diagnosing, predicting or monitoring the development or progress of a condition characterised by modulation in the level of activin expression and, more particularly, a method of diagnosing, predicting or monitoring the development or progress of a condition characterised by modulation in the level of expression of activin bc subunit. The present invention still further provides methods for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of conditions characterised by aberrant, unwanted or otherwise inappropriate activin expression, for example, conditions characterised by over-expression or underexpression of activin and most particularly, conditions characterised by overexpression or underexpression of activin bc subunit. A further aspect of the present invention extends to agents for use in the methods of the present invention.
摘要:
A process for producing ripe human growth hormone is described which comprises introducing into bacteria a recombinant DNA vector comprising a DNA sequence encoding an amino-terminal extended human growth hormone which amino-terminal extension has a negatively charged amino acid sequence and has an even number of amino acids, growing the bacteria such that the amino-terminal extended human growth is expressed, separating the amino-terminal extended human grown hormone from contaminants, cleaving the amino-terminal extension with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I to obtain ripe human growth hormone and isolating the ripe human growth hormone produced.
摘要:
The present invention relates to structural studies of dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) proteins, modified dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) proteins and DPPI co-complexes. Included in the present invention is a crystal of a dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) and corresponding structural information obtained by X-ray crystallography from rat and human DPPI. In addition, this invention relates to methods for using structure co-ordinates of DDPI, mutants hereof and co-complexes, to design compounds that bind to the active site or accessory binding sites of DPPI and to design improved inhibitors of DPPI or homologues of the enzyme.
摘要:
The present invention relates to structural studies of dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) proteins, modified dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) proteins and DPPI co-complexes. Included in the present invention is a crystal of a dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) and corresponding structural information obtained by X-ray crystallography from rat and human DPPI. In addition, this invention relates to methods for using structure co-ordinates of DDPI, mutants hereof and co-complexes, to design compounds that bind to the active site or accessory binding sites of DPPI and to design improved inhibitors of DPPI or homologues of the enzyme.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to a method of diagnosing, predicting or monitoring the development or progress of a cancer and, in particular, to a method of diagnosing, predicting or monitoring the development of or progress of prostate cancer in a mammal. The present invention more specifically provides a method for delineating early stage and advanced stage cancers, or predispositions thereto, by screening for changes in the level of two or more of inhibin-α, activin-βA, activin-βB, activin-βC, activin-βD, activin-βE or follistatin expression in a mammal. The present invention further provides a method for diagnosing or monitoring conditions associated with or characterized by the onset of a cancer.