摘要:
The use of polymers which are preparable by reaction of(a) polymers that contain vinylamine units, with(b) compounds that contain aldehyde or keto groups, and optionally(c) NH- and/or OH-containing compoundsand which contain aminal, hemiaminal and/or aminal-acetal structures with or without unconverted vinylamine units, as detergent additive for inhibiting dye transfer during the wash, and polymers containing aminal, hemiaminal and/or aminal-acetal structures, obtainable by reaction of(a) polymers that contain vinylamine units, with(b) compounds that contain aldehyde or keto groups, and(c) NH- and/or OH-containing compounds,and detergents which contain the abovementioned polymers in amounts from 0.05 to 10% by weight.
摘要:
Fuel or lubricant additives based on reaction products of an ethylenically unsaturated poly-1-alkene derived from one or more 1-alkenes of 3 to 24 carbon atoms and from 0 to 50% by weight of ethene, processes for their preparation and fuel or lubricant compositions containing these additives are described.
摘要:
Carboxylic esters of the formula IR.sup.1 --CO--O--R.sup.2 I,whereR.sup.1 is an aliphatic, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having alkyl side chains and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 5000 andR.sup.2 is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula II ##STR1## where R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, independently of one another, are each hyrogen, branched or straight-chain alkyl, an aromatic radical or an araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms,R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, independently of one another, are each branched or straight-chain alkyl or an aromatic or araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms,X is O, S, NR.sup.9 or PR.sup.9, where R.sup.9 is an aliphatic or aromatic radical,n and m, independently of one another, are each from 2 to 20, andx is from 0 to 30,are used as fuel additives or lubricant additives, and fuel compositions or lubricant compositions contain these additives. Carboxylic acids or carboxylic esters are prepared by reacting polymers having at least 30 carbon atoms and at least one carbon--carbon double bond with carbon monoxide and water or an alcohol.
摘要:
Polyalkeneamines of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 may have different meanings, are prepared by a process in which a polyalkene epoxide is reacted with an amine and the amino alcohol is dehydrated and reduced to give the compound of the formula (I).
摘要:
Quaternized imidazoles I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals of 1-12 carbon atoms which can be substituted by oxygen-functional groups or interrupted by nonadjacent oxygens,R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are hydrogen or saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals of 1-12 carbon atoms which can be substituted by oxygen-functional groups or interrupted by nonadjacent oxygens, it being possible for R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, together with the corresponding imidazole carbons, to form a five- or six-membered ring, andX.sup..crclbar. is an anion,are used as corrosion inhibitors in the corrosion protection of nonferrous metals, especially for car radiator protection.
摘要:
Fuels for gasoline engines contain small amounts of polyetheramines IR.sup.1 --(OBu).sub.n --NR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)whereR.sup.1 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkyl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, aminoalkylene of the general formula II--R.sup.4 --NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 (II)or polyaminoalkylene of the general formula III--(R.sup.4 --NR.sup.5).sub.m --R.sup.6 (III)whereR.sup.4 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl and m is from 2 to 8,Bu is a butylene radical derived from butylene oxide andn is from 12 to 28.
摘要:
Compounds of the general formula IZ--CH.sub.2 --NY.sub.2-n H.sub.n (I)wheren is 0 or 1,z is a straight-chain or branched polyalkyl radical having a number average molecular weight of from about 150 to 40,000, andY is a radical of the formula IIa or IIb ##STR1## where the radicals R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another, are each hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl radical, which may carry one or more heteroatoms, andA is an alkyleneimine radical; or, ifn is 0, one of the radicals Y may be a polyoxyalkylene radical, and processes for their preparation and fuel and lubricant compositions, and mixtures of additives, which contain the novel compounds.
摘要:
In an ISDN switching system, a program module is set up in accordance with the principles of object-oriented programming for the handling of switched connections. The protocol modules used in protocol architectures (for example CCITT recommendations) for the standardization of functional switching procedures are represented as object-oriented structural elements. During the implementation of the system program module in the switching system, objects are instantiated for connections and/or for calls and/or for signaling operations. A copy of the data area belonging to the structural element concerned is in each case set up in the data store as a kind of pattern. The data individual to the connection or call or signaling are entered into this pattern. The data areas remain in existence only for the duration of the connection or the call or the signaling operation concerned.
摘要:
The invention creates a technology for validating simulation results. The quickly growing number of components in modern complex systems often necessitates the introduction of abstractions, that render said systems manageable. However the abstractions, which often are based simplified assumptions, may impair the simulation results. The automatic post-processing method according to the invention safeguards the validity of the result. In most cases this can be reached, without restoring the complete description, which generally is too complex. The method, which is described for the validation of calculated counter-examples in an equivalence comparison of digital circuits can be used in all other applications, that allow for an analagous formalization of the abstraction step.
摘要:
Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.