Abstract:
A pipe or tube article comprising an innermost comprising a grafted polyolefin composition made from a grafted polyolefin composition is disclosed which can provide long lifetime, highly abrasion-resistant pipes for mining and other transportation uses. Methods for preparing the article and transporting abrasive materials through the article are also described.
Abstract:
A pipe or tube article comprising an innermost comprising a grafted polyolefin composition made from a grafted polyolefin composition is disclosed which can provide long lifetime, highly abrasion-resistant pipes for mining and other transportation uses. Methods for preparing the article and transporting abrasive materials through the article are also described.
Abstract:
A method for calibrating large fixed electronic scale is provided. The method applies an auxiliary verification device to calibrate the large fixed electronic scale without using a weight and includes following steps of: loading and unloading every supporting point on the scale table board of the scale by at least one self-locating loading and unloading mechanism; measuring and displaying a load that each loading and unloading mechanisms applies to the scale table board by at least one high accuracy load gauge; controlling a size of the load that each loading and unloading mechanisms applies to the scale table board by a constant load control device; and comparing a precise load displayed by the high accuracy load gauge with a gauge weighing display value of the scale to obtain a calibration error of the scale. The present method greatly improves working efficiency and safety and reduces costs.
Abstract:
Radiation-sensitive sol-gel compositions are provided, along with methods of forming microelectronic structures and the structures thus formed. The compositions comprise a sol-gel compound and a base generator dispersed or dissolved in a solvent system. The sol-gel compound comprises recurring monomeric units comprising silicon with crosslinkable moieties bonded to the silicon. Upon exposure to radiation, the base generator generates a strong base, which crosslinks the sol-gel compound in the compositions to yield a crosslinked layer that is insoluble in developers or solvents. The unexposed portions of the layer can be removed to yield a patterned sol-gel layer. The invention can be used to form patterns from sol-gel materials comprising features having feature sizes of less than about 1 μm.
Abstract:
The invention provides polymers, methods of preparing polymers, and compositions that include polymers, wherein said polymers include a plurality of two-carbon repeating units in a polymer chain, wherein one or more of the two-carbon repeating units of the polymer chain have a substituent that is covalently bonded to a semifluorinated alkyl ethoxy moiety, and the semifluorinated alkyl ethoxy moiety is attached to the polymer chain substituent through an ester, amide, ketone, carbamate, amine, or other suitable linking group. The polymers can be used to provide antifouling coatings.
Abstract:
A heat sealing jaw for use in cooperation with an opposing backing jaw for sealing layers of film together is described. The heat sealing jaw may be suitable for forming an easy-open feature on a packaging pouch used to contain flowable material. In certain embodiments the heat sealing jaw comprises a jaw body, a heat sealing element secured to the jaw body, a support surface for clamping the layers of film together against the opposing backing jaw, and, a heat sink coupled to the heat sealing element for inducing a temperature gradient along a sealing face of the heat sealing element. The sealing face may have a protrusion for forming a notch within the layers of film. Related apparatuses and methods are also described.
Abstract:
A heat sealing jaw for use in cooperation with an opposing backing jaw for sealing layers of film together is described. The heat sealing jaw may be suitable for forming an easy-open feature on a packaging pouch used to contain flowable material. In certain embodiments the heat sealing jaw comprises a jaw body, a heat sealing element secured to the jaw body, a support surface for clamping the layers of film together against the opposing backing jaw, and, a heat sink coupled to the heat sealing element for inducing a temperature gradient along a sealing face of the heat sealing element. The sealing face may have a protrusion for forming a notch within the layers of film. Related apparatuses and methods are also described.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for a solar collector having intergral control of the maximum temperature that it can reach, thereby avoiding excessive stagnation temperatures in the collector. In one embodiment, a solar collector comprises a top portion comprising glazing, a bottom portion; an absorber disposed between said top portion and said bottom portion for absorbing solar energy received through said glazing, said absorber in a spaced relationship above said bottom portion such that a channel is defined between a lower surface of said absorber and an upper surface of said bottom portion; an inlet and an outlet associated with and at substantially opposite ends of said channel between said absorber and said bottom portion, for ventilating said channel; and a damper for opening said outlet at a temperature equal to or above a first selected temperature and for closing said outlet at a temperature equal to or below a second selected temperature; wherein said first and second selected temperatures are below a stagnation temperature of the solar collector.
Abstract:
Novel double- and triple-patterning methods are provided. The methods involve applying a shrinkable composition to a patterned template structure (e.g., a structure having lines) and heating the composition. The shrinkable composition is selected to possess properties that will cause it to shrink during heating, thus forming a conformal layer over the patterned template structure. The layer is then etched to leave behind pre-spacer structures, which comprise the features from the pattern with remnants of the shrinkable composition adjacent the feature sidewalls. The features are removed, leaving behind a doubled pattern. In an alternative embodiment, an extra etch step can be carried out prior to formation of the features on the template structure, thus allowing the pattern to be tripled rather than doubled.
Abstract:
A novel reversal lithography process without etch back is described. The reversal material comprises nanoparticles that are selectively deposited into the gaps between features without overcoating the tops of the features. As a result, a patterned imaging layer can be removed using solvent, blanket exposure followed by developer washing, or dry etching directly, without an etch-back process, and the original bright field lithography pattern can be reversed into dark field features, and transferred into subsequent layers using the nanoparticle reversal material as an etch mask.