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    Time-multiplexed, optically-addressed, gigabit optical crossbar switch
    1.
    发明授权
    Time-multiplexed, optically-addressed, gigabit optical crossbar switch 失效
    时分复用，光寻址，千兆光交叉开关

    公开(公告)号：US5325224A

    公开(公告)日：1994-06-28

    申请号：US028243

    申请日：1993-03-09

    申请人： Robert J. Lang ,  Li-Jen Cheng ,  Joseph Maserjian

    发明人： Robert J. Lang ,  Li-Jen Cheng ,  Joseph Maserjian

    IPC分类号： H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/08

    CPC分类号： H04Q11/0001

    摘要： A time-multiplexed, optically-addressed, crossbar switch (38) is provided using a two-dimensional, optically-addressed, reflective spatial light modulator (O-SLM) (20). Since the optical addressing is time-multiplexed, only N addressing lines are required for an N.times.N crossbar, rather than the N.sup.2 lines needed in the prior art. This reduction in addressing lines makes possible the development of enormous crossbar switches, such as 100.times.100, for the first time. In addition, since data paths remain entirely in the optics domain, data speeds can reach the multi-gigabit level. In the switch, a row (40) of N inputs (42) at the "read" wavelength is spread over one axis of the O-SLM. The light is refocused along the other axis to an output array (48) of detectors (50), so that each input has the potential to talk to any one output. The O-SLM is normally off, i.e., non-reflective, so that the output is, in the absence of an input signal, zero. A one-dimensional array (52) of lasers (54) at the "write" wavelength is imaged onto the O-SLM. Each laser scans across an entire row of the O-SLM; where the laser is on, it turns on a portion of the O-SLM and establishes a connection between a particular input and a particular output. A full row is scanned in a time much shorter than the response time of the O-SLM, so that state of the O-SLM is capacitively stored and dynamically refreshed. The scanning is accomplished by tuning the wavelength of the laser and passing it through a grating, which sweeps the beam in space.

    摘要翻译： 使用二维光学寻址的反射空间光调制器（O-SLM）（20）提供时间复用的光学寻址的交叉开关（38）。 由于光寻址被时分复用，所以对于N×N交叉开关仅需要N个寻址线，而不是现有技术中所需的N2线。 寻址线路的这种减少使得可能首次开发巨大的交叉开关，如100x100。 此外，由于数据路径完全保留在光学领域，因此数据速度可以达到千兆级。 在开关中，在“读取”波长处的N个输入（42）的一行（40）分布在O-SLM的一个轴上。 沿着另一轴将光重新聚焦到检测器（50）的输出阵列（48），使得每个输入具有与任何一个输出通信的潜力。 O-SLM通常关闭，即不反射，使得输出在没有输入信号的情况下为零。 在“写入”波长处的激光器（54）的一维阵列（52）被成像到O-SLM上。 每个激光扫描O-SLM的整行; 在激光器打开的地方，它打开O-SLM的一部分，并建立特定输入和特定输出之间的连接。 在比O-SLM的响应时间短得多的时间内扫描完整行，使得O-SLM的状态被电容性地存储和动态刷新。 扫描通过调整激光器的波长并将其通过光栅来实现，该光栅在空间中扫描光束。

    Pump coupling of double clad fibers
    3.
    发明授权
    Pump coupling of double clad fibers 有权
    双包层纤维的泵耦合

    公开(公告)号：US06477295B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-11-05

    申请号：US09488166

    申请日：2000-01-20

    申请人： Robert J. Lang ,  Robert G. Waarts ,  Ian J. Booth ,  David M. Giltner ,  Steven Sanders

    发明人： Robert J. Lang ,  Robert G. Waarts ,  Ian J. Booth ,  David M. Giltner ,  Steven Sanders

    IPC分类号： G02B626

    CPC分类号： G02B6/2848 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  G02B6/03633 ,  G02B6/2817 ,  G02B6/2852 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094019

    摘要： Apparatus for coupling light into a fiber, such as a double clad fiber (DCF) having a core having a refractive index n1, surrounded by an inner cladding having refractive index n2 which is surrounded by an outer cladding having a refractive index n3, where n1>n2>n3. An optical coupler medium, referred to as a Fiber Space Division Multiplexor or FSDM, is formed on an exposed portion of the fiber inner cladding at a position along the length of the fiber without interfering with the continuity of its core and provides at, at least one position, the imaging of light external of the fiber into the inner cladding interface and its waveguiding with the inner cladding of the fiber. The FSDM coupler comprises an optical material in optical contact or integrated with the inner cladding and having a refractive index substantially equal to n2. The coupler medium may also be employed with a fiber having no core and where the inner cladding would function as a multimode core. Also, disclosed are formed reflectors for reflecting back residual, unabsorbed pump light backward into the DCF inner cladding for absorption within the core doped with a rare earth active material. Other embodiments provided for the removal of pump light from the DCF inner cladding.

    摘要翻译： 用于将光耦合到光纤中的装置，例如具有折射率为n1的芯的双包层光纤（DCF），由具有折射率n3的外包层围绕的具有折射率n2的内包层围绕，其中n1 > n2> n3。 称为光纤空间分割多路复用器或FSDM的光耦合器介质在纤维内包层的沿着光纤长度的位置的暴露部分上形成，而不干扰其芯的连续性，并至少提供 一个位置，将光纤的外部成像到内包层界面中，并且其与纤维的内包层的波导成像。 FSDM耦合器包括光学接触的光学材料或与内部包层整体并具有基本上等于n2的折射率。 耦合介质也可以与不具有芯的纤维一起使用，并且内包层将用作多模芯。 此外，公开了反射器，用于将残留的未吸收的泵浦光反射回到DCF内包层中，用于在掺杂有稀土活性材料的芯内吸收。 提供用于从DCF内包层去除泵浦光的其它实施例。

    Multiple emitter semiconductor laser pump source for scaling of pump power and generation of unpolarized light for light signal amplification
    4.
    发明授权
    Multiple emitter semiconductor laser pump source for scaling of pump power and generation of unpolarized light for light signal amplification 有权
    用于缩放泵浦功率的多发射器半导体激光泵源和用于光信号放大的非偏振光的产生

    公开(公告)号：US06404542B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

    申请号：US09613519

    申请日：2000-07-10

    申请人： Mehrdad Ziari ,  David F. Welch ,  Vincent G. Dominic ,  Bardia Pezeshki ,  Robert J. Lang

    发明人： Mehrdad Ziari ,  David F. Welch ,  Vincent G. Dominic ,  Bardia Pezeshki ,  Robert J. Lang

    IPC分类号： H01S300

    CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/09415 ,  H01S3/302 ,  H01S5/02284 ,  H01S5/0652 ,  H01S5/0656 ,  H01S5/4012 ,  H01S5/4031

    摘要： A pump source for rare earth and Raman amplifiers or for distributed amplification uses two or more light sources to generate two source beams that are combined by a beam combiner to form the output pump beam. In accordance with one embodiment, the light sources are a diode laser array having be two or more monolithic laser stripes providing dual output beams having substantially the same polarization, such as the TE mode. One of the polarized due outputs is rotated 90° and both beams are applied to a birefringent crystal that combines the beams for insertion into an optical fiber or into a rare earth doped fiber or into a fiber capable of Raman amplification via SRS. The power output of each polarization in the combined beam can be measured and used to drive a feedback circuit that controls the current provided to each diode in order to maintain the power in the two polarization components of the output beam equal.

    摘要翻译： 用于稀土和拉曼放大器或用于分布式放大的泵浦源使用两个或更多个光源来产生由光束组合器组合以形成输出泵浦光束的两个源光束。 根据一个实施例，光源是具有两个或更多个单片激光条的二极管激光器阵列，提供具有基本上相同极化的双输出光束，例如TE模式。 偏振的正向输出之一旋转90°，并且将两个光束施加到双折射晶体，该双折射晶体将用于插入光纤的光束或掺入稀土掺杂的光纤中的光束或通过SRS拉曼放大的光纤组合。 可以测量组合光束中每个极化的功率输出，并用于驱动控制提供给每个二极管的电流的反馈电路，以便保持输出光束的两个偏振分量中的功率相等。

    Positively closing nozzle and method of use in underground irrigation
    6.
    发明授权
    Positively closing nozzle and method of use in underground irrigation 失效
    积极关闭喷嘴和地下灌溉中的使用方法

    公开(公告)号：US5201605A

    公开(公告)日：1993-04-13

    申请号：US795065

    申请日：1991-11-20

    申请人： Robert J. Lang ,  Thomas W. Morgan

    发明人： Robert J. Lang ,  Thomas W. Morgan

    IPC分类号： A01G29/00

    CPC分类号： A01G29/00 ,  Y10T137/189

    摘要： A positively closing nozzle and method of its use in underground irrigation wherein the nozzle is elongated with inlet means at one end and positively closing means at the other end opened by water pressure applied to the nozzle, one or more nozzle being arranged underground in a selected pattern for irrigating plants or the like, the valve being operated by water pressure for producing a circumferential flow pattern of irrigation, the flow pattern being adjustable either by means of a spring-load or flow emitter means in the nozzle.

    摘要翻译： 一种积极关闭喷嘴及其在地下灌溉中的使用方法，其中喷嘴在一端具有入口装置并且在另一端处的正关闭装置被施加到喷嘴的水压打开，一个或多个喷嘴被布置在选定的地下 用于冲洗植物等的图案，所述阀由水压操作以产生灌溉的周向流动模式，所述流动模式可以通过喷嘴中的弹簧负载或流量发射器装置来调节。

    Gasification process
    7.
    发明授权
    Gasification process 失效
    气化过程

    公开(公告)号：US4617027A

    公开(公告)日：1986-10-14

    申请号：US408990

    申请日：1982-08-17

    申请人： Robert J. Lang

    发明人： Robert J. Lang

    IPC分类号： C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/14

    CPC分类号： C10J3/00 ,  C10J2300/0903 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/1853

    摘要： A novel process, and the articles of manufacture, or compositions, formed thereby, wherein a Group II-A metal, or compound thereof, can be ion-exchanged onto coal, and thereafter a Group I metal physically admixed or otherwise incorporated therewith, so that the composition can be pyrolyzed, and gasified, to form a high-BTU, intermediate-BTU or synthesis fuel gas. Suitably, the Group II metal, or alkaline earth metal, can be directly ion-exchanged onto a low rank coal, without necessity of any pretreatment, by contact with a basic solution of a Group II-A metal compound since, of course, low rank coals contain natural ion-exchange sites. An alkaline earth metal, or metals, can also be ion-exchanged onto a high rank coal, notably one deficient in natural active exchange sites, such as a subbituminous or bituminous coal, by (a) contacting, heating and soaking the coal in an alkali solution of a Group I-A metal compound sufficient to incorporate said metal compound, or cation portion thereof, into said coal and form ion-exchange sites, (b) or by oxidation of the high rank coal by contact with an oxidizing agent, preferably an oxygen-containing gas (air), peroxygen compound, oxidizing acid or the like, to form ion-exchange sites, ion-exchanging a Group II metal onto the active sites thus created, and thereafter admixing or otherwise incorporating the Group I metal to form the desired article of manufacture, or composition.

    摘要翻译： 由此形成的新型工艺及其制造的制品或组合物，其中II-A族金属或其化合物可以与煤离子交换，然后与其物理混合或以其他方式并入其中的第I族金属，因此 可以将组合物热解并气化，形成高BTU，中间-BTU或合成燃料气体。 适当地，可以将II族金属或碱土金属直接离子交换到低等级煤上，而不需要通过与II-A族金属化合物的碱性溶液接触而进行任何预处理，因为当然低 煤级含有天然离子交换位点。 碱土金属或金属也可以通过（a）在煤中接触，加热和浸泡煤，将它们离子交换到高等级煤上，特别是一些缺乏天然活性交换位点，如次烟或烟煤。 IA族金属化合物的碱溶液，其足以将所述金属化合物或其阳离子部分引入所述煤中并形成离子交换位点，（b）或通过与氧化剂接触而优选高级煤的氧化，优选为 含氧气体（空气），过氧化合物，氧化酸等，以形成离子交换位点，将II族金属离子交换到由此产生的活性位点上，然后混合或以其他方式掺入第I族金属形成 所需的制品或组合物。

    Catalytic coal gasification process
    9.
    发明授权
    Catalytic coal gasification process 失效
    催化煤气化过程

    公开(公告)号：US4318712A

    公开(公告)日：1982-03-09

    申请号：US151007

    申请日：1980-05-19

    申请人： Robert J. Lang ,  Joanne K. Pabst

    发明人： Robert J. Lang ,  Joanne K. Pabst

    IPC分类号： C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/54

    CPC分类号： C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1823

    摘要： A carbonaceous feed material, a potassium compound having a relatively poor catalytic activity as compared to that of potassium carbonate, and a sodium or lithium salt are introduced into a gasification reactor. The carbonaceous material is then gasified in the presence of the added potassium and sodium or lithium constituents. The added sodium or lithium salt apparently activates the relatively noncatalytic potassium compound thereby producing a substantial catalytic effect on the gasification reactions. In general, activation of the noncatalytic potassium compound will take place when the sodium or lithium compound introduced into the reactor is either a salt of a weak acid or a salt of a strong acid that is converted to a sodium or lithium salt of a weak acid in the reactor at gasification conditions.

    摘要翻译： 将碳质原料，与碳酸钾相比具有相对差的催化活性的钾化合物和钠盐或锂盐引入气化反应器。 然后将碳质材料在加入的钾和钠或锂组分的存在下气化。 添加的钠盐或锂盐显然激活相对非催化的钾化合物，从而对气化反应产生实质的催化作用。 通常，当引入反应器的钠或锂化合物是弱酸的盐或强酸的盐转化为弱酸的钠盐或锂盐时，将发生非催化性钾化合物的活化 在反应器中在气化条件下。

    Optical navigation sensor including a spatial frequency filter
    10.
    发明授权
    Optical navigation sensor including a spatial frequency filter 有权
    光学导航传感器包括空间频率滤波器

    公开(公告)号：US08217334B1

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-10

    申请号：US12317521

    申请日：2008-12-24

    申请人： Robert J. Lang ,  Jahja I. Trisnadi ,  Steven Sanders ,  Ke-Cai Zeng

    发明人： Robert J. Lang ,  Jahja I. Trisnadi ,  Steven Sanders ,  Ke-Cai Zeng

    IPC分类号： G06M7/00 ,  G06F3/033

    CPC分类号： G06F3/03543 ,  G06F3/0317

    摘要： An optical navigation sensor (ONS) is provided having a spatial frequency filter to transmit radiation at selected spatial frequencies while attenuating other, undesired frequencies and harmonics. The ONS includes a radiation source to transmit radiation toward a portion of a surface that diffusely reflects radiation incident thereon. The spatial frequency filter is disposed to receive radiation scattered from the surface, and, in one embodiment, includes a number of non-circular openings to pass radiation of at least one pre-selected frequency while attenuating other frequencies and harmonics of the pre-selected frequency.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种光学导航传感器（ONS），其具有空间频率滤波器，以在选定的空间频率下发射辐射，同时衰减其它不期望的频率和谐波。 ONS包括辐射源，以朝着漫射反射入射的辐射的表面的一部分传播辐射。 空间频率滤波器被设置为接收从表面散射的辐射，并且在一个实施例中，包括多个非圆形开口以通过至少一个预选频率的辐射，同时衰减预选的其它频率和谐波 频率。