Abstract:
An optical apparatus including an optical functional layer having a high refractive index and a method of manufacturing the optical apparatus are provided. The optical functional layer includes a phase change material that has a first refractive index during heat treatment in a first temperature range and has a second refractive index, which is higher than the first refractive index, during heat treatment in a second temperature range that is higher than the first temperature range. The optical functional layer may be configured to have the second refractive index by using a micro-heater without having to be deposited at a high temperature.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a combination structure including a nanostructure array including a plurality of nanostructures with a smaller dimension than the near-infrared wavelength are repeatedly arranged and a light absorption portion adjacent to the nanostructure array and including a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light in at least a portion of near-infrared wavelength regions, an optical filter, an image sensor, a camera module, and an electronic device including the same.
Abstract:
A field emission device may comprise: an emitter comprising a cathode electrode and an electron emission source supported by the cathode electrode; an insulating spacer around the emitter, the insulating spacer forming an opening that is a path of electrons emitted from the electron emission source; and/or a gate electrode around the opening. The electron emission source may comprise a plurality of graphene thin films vertically supported in the cathode electrode toward the opening.
Abstract:
A semiconductor package includes: a first semiconductor chip including first pads; a second semiconductor chip below the first semiconductor chip, the second semiconductor chip including a substrate including a front surface and an opposing rear surface, second pads on the front surface and in contact with the first pads, and through-electrodes electrically connected to the second pads and including protruding portions protruding from the rear surface of the substrate; through-via structures disposed around the second semiconductor chip and in contact with the first pads; a first dielectric layer extending along the rear surface of the substrate and side surfaces of the protruding portions of the through-electrodes; a second dielectric layer below the first dielectric layer and in a space between the protruding portions of the through-electrodes and between the through-via structures; and bump structures below the second dielectric layer and electrically connected to the through-electrodes and the through-via structures.
Abstract:
An image sensor including a color filter array layer, which includes a plurality of color filters transmitting light of different colors; and reflective partitioning walls, which define the color filters and have a lower refractive index than that of the color filters; a color separation device, which separates incident light into a plurality of colors, such that the plurality colors are incident on the plurality of color filters, respectively; and a sensor substrate, on which a plurality of light detection devices for respectively sensing light transmitted through the plurality of color filters are arranged in an array shape.
Abstract:
Provided are color splitter structures, methods of manufacturing the color splitter structures, image sensors including the color splitter structures, methods of manufacturing the image sensors, and optical apparatuses including the image sensors. A color splitter may include a plurality of color splitter elements configured to divide an incident light into a plurality of exit lights according to wavelengths, and at least one of the color splitter elements may include a first element portion; a second element portion disposed to shift to the first element portion so as to partially overlap with the first element portion; and an etch stop layer provided between the first and second element portions.
Abstract:
A color filter array, a method of manufacturing the same, and an image sensor including the same are provided. The color filter array includes: a color filter arrangement including a plurality of color filters on a substrate; and an isolation wall which isolates each of the color filters and includes a solid including a plurality of air spaces.
Abstract:
There is provided a fine dust measurement module that includes a fluid inlet into which fluid including fine dust with particles of various diameters is flowed, a first channel through which, of the fine dust introduced through the fluid inlet, first fine dust with particles having a diameter greater than or equal to a first diameter passes, a second channel through which, of the fine dust introduced through the fluid inlet, second fine dust with particles having a diameter less than the first diameter passes, a flow ratio control nozzle arranged in the first channel and configured to control a flow ratio between fluid flowing into the first channel and fluid flowing into the second channel, and a fine dust sensor configured to sense fine dust flowing into the second channel.
Abstract:
An outdoor air cleaning system includes a partition surrounding a purification space to isolate the purification space from an external space and having at least one opening connecting the purification space to the external space, an air purifying device configured to supply purified air to the purification space, and a controller configured to control the air purifying device. An openness level defined as an area ratio of the opening with respect to a surface area of the partition is about 10% or more and about 50% or less.
Abstract:
Provided is an image sensor comprising a color separation element. The image sensor includes a pixel array including a plurality of a first pixels, a plurality of second pixels, and a plurality of third pixels; color separation elements configured to direct light in a second wavelength band travel toward the second pixels and direct a mixture light in a first wavelength band and light in a third wavelength band travel toward the first pixels or the third pixels; and a color filter layer including a first color filter, a second color filter, and a third color filter, wherein the pass bandwidth of the second color filter is greater than the pass bandwidth of each of the first and third color filters.