摘要:
The present invention contemplates a PEM fuel cell having electrical contact elements (including bipolar plates/septums) comprising a titanium nitride coated light weight metal (e.g., Al or Ti) core, having a passivating, protective metal layer intermediate the core and the titanium nitride. The protective layer forms a barrier to further oxidation/corrosion when exposed to the fuel cell's operating environment. Stainless steels rich in CR, Ni, and Mo are particularly effective protective interlayers.
摘要:
The invention generally includes a new technique for making cubic boron nitride films with low contamination from other forms of boron nitride such as hexagonal and amorphous boron nitride. Films including either hexagonal or amorphous boron nitride are etched in a gas atmosphere including a halogen and/or hydrocarbon radical, preferably a methyl radical (CH.sub.3 ). Such atmospheres may be a plasma etching atmosphere also including hydrogen and hydrogen atoms. The etching technique is successful in removing hexagonal or amorphous boron nitride and leaving cubic boron nitride, or in converting hexagonal or amorphous boron nitride into cubic boron nitride, thus increasing the concentration of cubic boron nitride in the film. Interestingly, little or no etching of hexagonal or amorphous boron nitride occurs using only hydrogen or hydrogen atoms.
摘要:
A method of forming an electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery includes combining a binder and active particles to form a mixture, coating a surface with the mixture to form a coated article, translating the article along a first plane, cutting a first plurality of carbon fibers, each having a first average length, to form a second plurality of carbon fibers, each having a longitudinal axis and a second average length that is shorter than the first average length, inserting the second plurality of fibers into the mixture layer so that the longitudinal axis of each of at least a portion of the second plurality of fibers is not parallel to the first plane to form a preform, wherein the second plurality of fibers forms a truss structure disposed in three dimensions within the mixture layer, and heating the preform to form the electrode. An electrode is also disclosed.
摘要:
An alcohol sensing device is provided for determining the alcohol content within an alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture provided to an internal combustion engine. The sensing device uses infrared spectrometry measuring techniques. The infrared sensing device determines the ratio of light absorption by the alcohol/gasoline mixture at two discrete wavelengths within the near-infrared spectrum. The two particular wavelengths of interest are preferably chosen so that at one of the infrared wavelengths, alcohol is strongly absorbing while the gasoline exhibits very little absorption, and at the second wavelength both the alcohol and the gasoline exhibit are essentially non-absorbing. A light beam is transmitted through the alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture such that the two discrete wavelengths traverse the same optical path. A first and second detector are adjacently disposed so as to receive the emitted light from each wavelength after their transmission through the alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture. A third and fourth detector are adjacently disposed in proximity to the first and second detectors for sensing the drift in ambient temperatures corresponding to the first and second detectors. Once the signals corresponding to the two wavelengths are obtained and the signals corresponding to the ambient temperatures are factored out, the ratio of the absorbances by the fuel mixture at both wavelengths is computed. From this ratio and the fuel temperature the concentration of alcohol in the fuel is determined.
摘要:
Polyvinyl acetal resin, use thereof as an adhesion promoting additive, method of producing same, and adhesive composition comprising sameAn acrylate- or methacrylate-substituted polyvinyl acetal resin of formula I: ##STR1## wherein the weight percentages of the X, Y and Z groups are variable, R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, andR.sub.1 is hydrogen atom or a methyl group, is described.The resin of formula I is produced by acrylating or methacrylating a polyvinyl acetal resin of formula II: ##STR2## in which the weight percentages of the X', Y' and Z' groups are variable, particularly in the range 68 to 88% X, 6 to 19% Y' and 1 to 26% Z.The compounds of formula I are used to promote adhesion of acrylate or methacrylate ester based adhesive compositions to polyester plastic substrates.
摘要:
An encapsulating composition for electronic devices comprises a curable material such as a silicone resin and an ion scavenger compound selected from certain calixarene or oxacalixarene compounds in which at least half of the phenolic groups have been substituted by specific groups and certain silacrown compounds. Exemplary ion scavenger compounds include ##STR1## the tetraethyl acetate of 7, 13, 19, 25-tetra-tertbutyl-27, 28, 29, 30-tetrahydroxy-2,3-dihomo-3-oxacalix-4-arene and 1,1-dimethasila-17-crown-6.
摘要:
Oxacalixarenes of general formula I: ##STR1## wherein m=0-7 and n=1-8 with the proviso that m+n.ltoreq.8;R is hydrogen, halogen, or hydrocarbyl, aryl, hydrocarbylaryl or a substituted derivative thereof, and R may be the same or different on each aryl group; andR' is hydrocarbyl, aryl, hydrocarbylaryl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryloxy or hydrocarbylaryloxy or a substituted derivative thereof.The invention also provides a method of preparing oxacalixarenes of formula I, and cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions including as accelerator an oxacalixarene of formula I.
摘要:
A reusable, collapsible, rectangular hinged container comprising a novel foldable wall section or sleeve having strong, rigid weather-resistant wall panels and a pair of strong rigid, weather resistant top and bottom cap members, each of which overlaps with and supports a marginal area of the open wall section or sleeve to form the container. The wall section or sleeve contains a plurality of novel strong, rigid, panel-supporting hinge members which enable the sleeve to be folded to a flat condition in which it is completely receivable within and between the cap members to provided a compacted container to be returned to a supplier for reuse.
摘要:
The invention provides an adhesive composition of the cyanoacrylate type containing Phthalic anhydride as an additive to improve the resistance to moisture and/or heat of the resulting adhesive bonds.
摘要:
In a preferred embodiment a spark-ignited gasoline-fueled reciprocating internal combustion engine is advantageously operated with a fuel-lean air-fuel mixture, when the gasoline fuel contains about 1% to 5% by volume of a dialkyl peroxide, such as ditertiary butyl peroxide.