摘要:
A conductive C-plane GaN substrate has a resistivity of 2×10−2 Ω·cm or less or an n-type carrier concentration of 1×1018 cm−3 or more at room temperature. At least one virtual line segment with a length of 40 mm can be drawn at least on one main surface of the substrate. The line segment satisfies at least one of the following conditions (A1) and (B1): (A1) when an XRC of (004) reflection is measured at 1 mm intervals on the line segment, a maximum value of XRC-FWHMs across all measurement points is less than 30 arcsec; and (B1) when an XRC of the (004) reflection is measured at 1 mm intervals on the line segment, a difference between maximum and minimum values of XRC peak angles across all the measurement points is less than 0.2°.
摘要:
Some embodiments are directed to a method for the preparation of defect-free nanosized synthetic zeolite materials, to the defect-free nanosized synthetic zeolite materials, to stable colloidal suspensions of the defect-free synthetic zeolite materials, and to the use of the defect-free nanosized synthetic zeolite materials and the stable colloidal suspensions in various applications.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the field of field emission lighting, and specifically to a method for forming a field emission cathode. The method comprises arranging a growth substrate in a growth solution comprising a Zn-based growth agent, the growth solution having a pre-defined pH-value at room temperature; increasing the pH value of the growth solution to reach a nucleation phase; upon increasing the pH of the solution nucleation starts. The growth phase is then entered by decreasing the pH. The length of the nanorods is determined by the growth time. The process is terminated by increasing the pH to form sharp tips. The invention also relates to a structure for such a field emission cathode and to a lighting arrangement comprising the field emission cathode.
摘要:
Occlusion and release of lithium ion are likely to one-dimensionally occur in the b-axis direction of a crystal in a lithium-containing composite oxide having an olivine structure. Thus, a positive electrode in which the b-axes of lithium-containing composite oxide single crystals are oriented vertically to a surface of a positive electrode current collector is provided. The lithium-containing composite oxide particles are mixed with graphene oxide and then pressure is applied thereto, whereby the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles are likely to slip. In addition, in the case where the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles whose length in the b-axis direction is shorter than those in the a-axis direction and the c-axis direction are used, when pressure is applied in one direction, the b-axes can be oriented in the one direction.
摘要:
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a graphite-titanium oxide composite comprises (S1) a surface-modifying graphite with benzyl alcohol or a cellulose-based material using a sol-gel method, (S2) distributing the surface-modified graphite in a solvent, adding a titanium precursor to the solvent, and mixing the titanium precursor with the surface-modified graphite to obtain a graphite-titanium mixture, and (S3) thermally treating the graphite-titanium mixture to grow a titanium oxide on a surface of the graphite.
摘要:
A method of synthesizing alkali uranium fluorophosphate crystals. The method includes combining a uranium-based feedstock with a mineralizer solution. The mineralizer solution includes an alkali nutrient, a phosphate, and a fluoride. The feedstock and mineralizer solution are pressurized and a thermal gradient applied thereto such that a first portion of the feedstock and the mineralizer solution is heated to a temperature that is greater than a temperature of a second portion of the feedstock and the mineralizer solution. Uranium nutrient enters the mineralizer solution from the feedstock in the first portion and uranium nutrient precipitates to spontaneously form crystals in the second portion.
摘要:
A pressure release mechanism for use with a capsule for processing materials or growing crystals in supercritical fluids is disclosed. The capsule with the pressure release mechanism is scalable up to very large volumes and is cost effective according to a preferred embodiment. In conjunction with suitable high pressure apparatus, the capsule with pressure release mechanism is capable of processing materials at pressures and temperatures of 20-2000 MPa and 25-1500° C., respectively. Of course, there can be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
摘要:
Disclosed are heterogeneous crystals for use in a laser cavity and methods of forming the crystals. A crystal can be a monolithic crystal containing a garnet-based activator region and a garnet-based Q-switch. Disclosed methods include hydrothermal growth techniques for the growth of differing epitaxial layers on a host. A YAG host material can be doped in one region with a suitable activator ion for lasing and can be formed with another region that is doped with a saturable absorber to form the Q-switch. Regions can be formed with controlled thickness in conjunction. Following formation, a heterogeneous crystal can be cut, polished and coated with mirror films at each end for use in a laser cavity to provide short pulses of high power emissions using high frequency pulse modes.
摘要:
The present invention relates to fabrication and application of compositions, devices, methods and systems for utilizing radiation more efficiently as compared to known systems. A synthesis method provides deposition of titania on a substrate without the use of an electrochemical reaction. An integrated architecture formed by the method of the present invention is comprised of vertically-oriented, one-dimensional, monocrystalline, n-type anatase nanowires in communication with a common transparent conductive substrate, and which are intercalated with a consortia of p-type quantum dots tuned for absorption of infrared and other radiation.
摘要:
Disclosed is a self-supporting zinc oxide substrate composed of a plate composed of a plurality of zinc-oxide-based single crystal grains, wherein the plate has a single crystal structure in an approximately normal direction, and the zinc-oxide-based single crystal grains have a cross-sectional average diameter of greater than 1 μm. This substrate can be manufactured by a method comprising providing an oriented polycrystalline sintered body; forming a layer with a thickness of 20 μm or greater composed of zinc-oxide-based crystals on the oriented polycrystalline sintered body so that the layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with crystal orientation of the oriented polycrystalline sintered body; and removing the oriented polycrystalline sintered body to obtain the self-supporting zinc oxide substrate. The present invention can provide a self-supporting zinc oxide substrate being inexpensive and also suitable for having a large area as a preferable alternative material for a zinc oxide single crystal substrate.