Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wellenfrontkorrekturelement zur Verwendung in einem optischen System, insbesondere in einem optischen System einer mikrolithographischen Projektionsbelichtungsanlage oder einer Maskeninspektionsanlage, mit einer Trägerfolie (110, 210, 410), welche im Betrieb des optischen Systems auf die Trägerfolie auftreffende, eine Arbeitswellenlänge des optischen Systems aufweisende elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise transmittiert, wobei die Trägerfolie (110, 210, 410) derart ausgestaltet ist, dass der Realteil des komplexen Brechungsindex über einen Nutzbereich der Fläche der Trägerfolie (110, 210, 410) variiert.
Abstract:
Lead-free solder compositions having a thermal conductivity are disclosed that include at least about 2% of silver, at least about 60% of bismuth, and at least one additional metal in an amount that will increase the thermal conductivity of the solder composition over a comparison solder composition consisting of silver and bismuth, wherein the at least one additional metal does not significantly modify the solidus temperature and does not shift the liquidus temperature outside of an acceptable liquidus temperature range. Methods of producing these lead-free solder compositions are also disclosed that include providing at least about 2% of silver, providing at least about 60% of bismuth, providing at least one additional metal in an amount that will increase the thermal conductivity of the solder composition over a comparison solder composition consisting of silver and bismuth, blending the bismuth with the at least one additional metal to form a bismuth-metal blend, and blending the bismuth-metal blend with copper to form the solder composition, wherein the at least one additional metal does not significantly modify the solidus temperature and does not shift the liquidus temperature outside of an acceptable liquidus temperature range. Additional methods of producing a lead-free solder composition having a thermal conductivity include providing at least about 2% of silver, providing at least about 60% of bismuth, providing at least one additional metal in an amount that will increase the thermal conductivity of the solder composition over a comparison solder composition consisting of silver and bismuth, blending the silver with the at least one additional metal to form a silver-metal alloy, and blending the silver-metal alloy with bismuth to form the solder composition, wherein the at least one additional metal does not significantly modify the solidus temperature and does not shift the liquidus temperature outside of an acceptable liquidus temperature range.
Abstract:
A lead-free (130) solder comprises an alloy of silver and bismuth in amounts of about 2 wt% to about 18 wt% and about 98 wt% to about 82 wt%, respectively. Contemplated alloys further comprise at least one of zinc, nickel, germanium or a combination thereof in an amount of up to about 1000 ppmy and have a solidus of no lower than about 262.5 DEG C and a liquidus of no higher than about 400 DEG C. Contemplated alloys may further comprise a chemical element with an oxygen affinity that is higher than the oxygen affinity of at least one of the constituents of the alloy, and particularly contemplated elements are phosphorus and germanium.
Abstract:
A lead-free solder comprises an alloy of silver and bismuth in amounts of about 2 wt% to about 18 wt% and about 98 wt% to about 82 wt%, respectively. Contemplated alloys further comprise at least one of zinc, nickel, germanium or a combination thereof in an amount of up to about 1000 ppm (preferably about 500ppm) and have a solidus of no lower than about 262.5 °C and a liquidus of no higher than about 400 °C. Contemplated alloys may further comprise a chemical element with an oxygen affinity that is higher than the oxygen affinity of at least one of the constituents of the alloy, and particularly contemplated elements are phosphorus and germanium.
Abstract:
A lead-free solder (130) comprises an alloy of silver and bismuth in amounts of 2wt% to 18wt% and 98wt% to 82wt%, respectively. Contemplated alloys have a solidus of no lower than 262.5°C and a liquidus of no higher than 400°C. Contemplated alloys may further comprise a chemical element with an oxygen affinity that is higher than the oxygen affinity of the alloy.
Abstract:
Thermal interface materials are disclosed that include at least one matrix material component, at least one high conductivity filler component, at least one solder material; and at least one material modification agent, wherein the at least one material modification agent improves the thermal performance, compatibility, physical quality or a combination thereof of the thermal interface material. Methods of forming thermal interface materials are also disclosed that include providing each of the at least one matrix material component, at least one high conductivity filler, at least one solder material and at least one material modification agent, blending the components; and optionally curing the components pre- or post-application of the thermal interface material to the surface, substrate or component. Also, thermal interface materials are disclosed that include at least one matrix material component, at least one high conductivity filler component, at least one solder material; and at least one material modification agent, wherein the at least one material modification agent at least one modified thermal filler profile.
Abstract:
Synergistically-modified surfaces are described herein, where a surface having a surface profile is synergistically modified such that the thermal contact resistance between the surface and the at least one thermal interface material is reduced as compared to a surface that is not synergistically modified. Methods are also described herein of producing a synergistically-modified surface, comprising a) providing a surface having a surface profile, b) providing at least one thermal interface material, c) synergistically modifying the surface profile of the surface such that thermal contact resistance between the surface and the at least one thermal interface material is reduced as compared to a surface that is not synergistically modified. Layered components are also disclosed that comprise a synergistically-modified surface; a thermal interface material; and at least one additional layer of material.
Abstract:
Solder compositions are described that include at least about 2% of silver, at least about 60% of bismuth, and at least one coupling element, wherein the at least one coupling element forms a complex with bismuth. Layered materials are also described that include a surface or substrate; an electrical interconnect; the solder composition described herein; and a semiconductor die or package. Methods of producing a solder composition are also described that include: a) providing at least about 2% of silver, b) providing at least about 60% of bismuth, c) providing at least one coupling element, wherein the at least one coupling element forms a complex with bismuth, and d) blending the silver, bismuth and at least one coupling element to form the solder composition.
Abstract:
A solder paste formulation has been developed that comprises a) at least one metal-based material; b) at least one support material; and c) at least one stability modification material. Furthermore, a method of producing a solder paste formulation having a stability component, as described herein, comprises a) providing at least one metal-based material; b) providing at least one support material; c) providing at least one stability modification material; and d) combining the at least one metal-based material, the at least one support material and the at least one stability modification material such that the stability component of the solder paste formulation is increased over a reference stability component of a conventional or reference solder paste formulation comprising similar metal-based materials and similar support materials.
Abstract:
The invention includes a semiconductor package (10) which comprises a semiconductor substrate (14) and a heat spreader (18). A thermal interface material (20) thermally connects the substrate to the heat spreader (18). The thermal interface material (20) consists essentially of In, Zn, and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Nb, Ta, B, Al, Ce, Ti and Zr. The invention also includes a composition consisting essentially of In and Zn. The Zn concentration within the composition is from about 0.5 weight% to about 3 weight%.