Abstract:
Provided is an oxide with a novel crystal structure, an oxide with high crystallinity, or an oxide with low impurity concentration. An oxide has a hexagonal atomic arrangement in the case of a single crystal. The oxide has a homologous structure of indium, an element M (aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin), and zinc. The oxide has a lattice point group observed through an analysis of a first region in a transmission electron microscopy image of a top surface of the oxide. In a Voronoi diagram having a plurality of Voronoi regions obtained through a Voronoi analysis of the lattice point group, a proportion of hexagonal Voronoi regions is higher than or equal to 78% and lower than or equal to 100%.
Abstract:
A negative ion source (125) includes an electrode (25), a target (55) having a plurality of openings (130) and a more negative electrical potential than the electrode (25), an electrical energy supply (135) for generating a discharge between the electrode (25) and the target (55), at least one magnet (40) positioned in close to a first surface of the target (55) to confine electrons, a delivery system (80) for delivering cesium to a second surface of the target (55), and a distribution chamber (120) interposed between the delivery system (80) and the target (55).
Abstract:
One aspect of the invention includes an auxiliary magnet ring positioned outside of the chamber wall of a plasma sputter reactor and being disposed at least partially radially outwardly of an RF coil used to inductively generate a plasma, particularly for sputter etching the substrate being sputter deposited. Thereby, a magnetic barrier prevents the plasma from leaking outwardly to the coil and improves the uniformity of sputter etching. The magnetic field also acts as a magnetron when the coil, when made aspect of the same material as the primary target, is being used as a secondary target. Another aspect of the invention includes a one-piece inner shield extending from the target to the pedestal with a smooth inner surface and supported by an annular flange in a middle portion of the shield. The shield may be used to support the RF coil.
Abstract:
A method and system for producing a film (preferably a thin film with highly uniform or highly accurate custom graded thickness) on a flat or graded substrate (such as concave or convex optics), by sweeping the substrate across a vapor deposition source operated with time-varying flux distribution. In preferred embodiments, the source is operated with time-varying power applied thereto during each sweep of the substrate to achieve the time-varying flux distribution as a function of time. A user selects a source flux modulation recipe for achieving a predetermined desired thickness profile of the deposited film. The method relies on precise modulation of the deposition flux to which a substrate is exposed to provide a desired coating thickness distribution.
Abstract:
A negative ion source is disclosed which includes an electrode, a target having a more negative electrical potential than the electrode, a supply of electrical energy for generating a discharge between the electrode and the target, and at least one magnet positioned so as to confine electrons, generated as a result of said discharge, in close proximity to a first surface of the target. The negative ion source further includes a delivery system for delivering cesium to a second surface of the target, and a distribution chamber interposed between the delivery system and the target for uniformly distributing cesium on the second surface of said target. The cesium diffuses through openings in the target from the first surface to the second surface. The negative ion source may comprise a conventional magnetron sputter source that has been retroffitted to include a cesium distribution system.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus are described for improving the fabrication of thin film electrochemical devices such as thin film batteries and electrochromic devices, with respect to deposition of LiPON, or other lithium ion conducting electrolyte, thin films on electrodes such as Li metal, LiCoO 2 , WO 3 , NiO, etc. A method of fabricating an electrochemical device in a deposition system may comprise: configuring an electrically conductive layer substantially peripherally to a portion of the surface of an electrode layer of the electrochemical device; electrically connecting the electrically conductive layer to an electrically conductive, but electrically floating, surface; and depositing a lithium ion conducting solid state electrolyte layer on the portion of the surface of the electrode layer of the electrochemical device within the deposition chamber, wherein the depositing comprises forming a plasma within the deposition chamber; wherein during the depositing, the electrically conductive, but electrically floating, surface is within the deposition chamber.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for coating at least one surface of a running substrate by the vacuum evaporation of a metal or metal alloy layer that can be sublimated, wherein the metal or metal alloy is provided opposite the surface of the substrate in the form of at least two ingots in contact with each other, the surface of the ingots oriented towards the substrate surface being held parallel to the substrate at a constant distance therefrom during the coating process; the invention also relates to a coating equipment for implementing said method and to a metal supply device (1) for such an equipment.