摘要:
A deposition system in a semiconductor fabrication system provides at least one electron gun which injects energetic electrons into a semiconductor fabrication chamber to initiate and sustain a relatively high density plasma at extremely low pressures. In addition to ionizing atoms of the extremely low pressure gas, such as an argon gas at 100 microTorr, for example, the energetic electrons are also believed to collide with target material atoms sputtered from a target positioned above a substrate, thereby ionizing the target material atoms and losing energy as a result of the collisions. Preferably, the electrons are injected substantially tangentially to the walls of a chamber shield surrounding the plasma in a magnetic field generally parallel to a central axis of the semiconductor fabrication chamber connecting the target to and the substrate. As the injected electrons lose energy ionizing the target material atoms, the electrons spiral inward toward a central region of the semiconductor fabrication chamber surrounding the central axis, forming an electron cloud in the central region. An arrangement of electromagnets may be positioned adjacent the walls of the chamber shield surrounding the plasma to generate the magnetic field. It is believed that the configuration of magnetic fields also keeps electrons from colliding with the walls of the chamber shield surrounding the plasma.
摘要:
A data processing system includes a processor core and a hardware module. The processor core performs tasks on data packets. The hardware module stores a first ordering scope identifier at a first storage location of the ordering scope manager. The first ordering scope identifier indicates a first ordering scope that a first task is operating in. The ordering scope manager increments the first ordering scope identifier to create a new ordering scope identifier. In response to determining that the processor core is authorized to transition the first task from the first ordering scope to a second ordering scope associated with the new ordering scope identifier, the ordering scope manager provides hint information to the processor core. The processor core transitions from the first ordering scope to the second ordering scope without completing a task switch in response to the hint information.
摘要:
In one or more embodiments, a data processing system can include at least one core capable of executing instructions of an instruction set architecture and a triggered memory map access (tMMA) system coupled to the at least one core. The tMMA system can receive one or more events and, in response, perform one or more actions. For example, the actions can include transactions which can include a write to a an address of the memory map, a read from an address of the memory map, a read followed by write to two respective addresses of the memory map, and/or a fetch transaction. A result of a transaction (e.g., data read, data written, error, etc.) can be used in generating a trace message. For example, the tMMA system can generate a trace message that includes the result of the transaction and send the trace message to a trace message bus.
摘要:
A magnetron sputter reactor (410) and its method of use, in which SIP sputtering and ICP sputtering are promoted is disclosed. In another chamber (412) an array of auxiliary magnets positioned along sidewalls (414) of a magnetron sputter reactor on a side towards the wafer from the target is disclosed. The magnetron (436) preferably is a small one having a stronger outer pole (442) of a first polarity surrounding a weaker inner pole (440) of a second polarity all on a yoke (444) and rotates about the axis (438) of the chamber using rotation means (446, 448, 450). The auxiliary magnets (462) preferably have the first polarity to draw the unbalanced magnetic field (460) towards the wafer (424), which is on a pedestal (422) supplied with power (454). Argon (426) is supplied through a valve (428). The target (416) is supplied with power (434).
摘要:
Disclosed is a system and a method for performing handover in a Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) mobile communication system supporting broadband wireless access. The system includes a plurality of Mobile Stations (MSs); at least one distributed antenna having the ability to perform simultaneous communications with the plurality of MSs; and a base station connected to the at least one distributed antenna through optical fibers for performing communications and handovers with the multiple MSs.
摘要:
A method for starting an internal combustion engine having direct fuel injection into a cylinder, comprising of only for a first combustion event under selected conditions during an engine start, directly injecting fuel to the cylinder at least twice, where each of said two injections at least partially occur during a compression stroke.
摘要:
A liquid crystal lens cell set includes a plurality of liquid crystal lenses overlapping to each other. Each of the liquid crystal lenses is supported between a pair of flat layers. One of the layers supports a planar electrode made of ITO. The other electrode, also formed of ITO, is supported in the center of the opposing substrate and projects toward the center of the liquid crystal layer. A power supply creates a potential difference between the electrodes and imposes a non-uniform electric field on the liquid crystal modules which aligns them in which a way as to act as a lens. By varying voltage between the electrodes the focal length of the lens may be controlled. A central electrode may be in the form of a beam or of a pointed tip. An electrode having a central hole may be associated with the central electrode or the planar electrode.
摘要:
One embodiment of the present invention provides a back junction solar cell. The solar cell includes a base layer, a quantum-tunneling-barrier (QTB) layer situated below the base layer facing away from incident light, an emitter layer situated below the QTB layer, a front surface field (FSF) layer situated above the base layer, a front-side electrode situated above the FSF layer, and a back-side electrode situated below the emitter layer.
摘要:
One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell with shade-free front electrode. The solar cell includes a photovoltaic body, a front-side ohmic contact layer situated above the photovoltaic body, a back-side ohmic contact layer situated below the photovoltaic body, a front-side electrode situated above the front-side ohmic contact layer, and a back-side electrode situated below the back-side ohmic contact layer. The front-side electrode includes a plurality of parallel metal grid lines, and the surface of at least one metal grid line is curved, thereby allowing incident light hitting the curved surface to be reflected downward and absorbed by the solar cell surface adjacent to the metal grid line.
摘要:
A combustion system for a direct-injection, spark-ignition engine is disclosed. A side-mounted fuel injector located outboard the intake valves directs multiple fuel jets into a shallow, spherical bowl formed in a domed piston. Both good mixing to facilitate good air utilization with early injection and an ignitable mixture at the spark plug with late injection to facilitate cold start are provided with such a combustion system. Because the bowl is smooth and shallow, the surface area of the combustion chamber is less than with a deeper bowl of complicated shape. Lowering surface area in the combustion chamber leads to improved fuel economy.