摘要:
A heat transfer/cooling fluid for low temperatures containing from about 15% to about 70% of trimethyl glycine or derivatives thereof and from about 30% to about 85% of water. The heat transfer/cooling fluid is environmental-friendly and non-toxic. It has good heat transfer properties and is suitable for, e.g., the needs of the food industry and solar panels.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of separating solids from a gas flow in a fluidized catalytic process and to a cyclone assembly suited for use in a fluidized catalytic process. According to the invention, the gas flow of the process carrying the suspended solids is passed into a separation assembly, wherein the solids are separated from the gaseous phase under the effect of the centrifugal force, whereby a multiport cyclone is used as the separation assembly, into which the gas flow to be treated is passed via an inlet nozzle having an axially annular cross section. The use of the multiport cyclone, e.g., in an FCC process gives significant advantages in flow dynamics and process engineering over conventional arrangements and generally used single-port cyclones.
摘要:
A method for growing a thin film on a substrate. A substrate is placed in a reaction space. The substrate is subjected to at least two vapor phase reactants in the form of vapor phase pulses, repeatedly and alternately. Gas within the reaction space is purged between two successive vapor phase pulses essentially entirely by use of a pump connected to the reaction space. The reaction space is purged between two successive vapor phase pulses such that less than 1% of the residual components from the first vapor phase pulse remains prior to the inflow of the second vapor phase pulse.
摘要:
An electrically conducting plastic material is produced by blending a polyaniline or a derivative thereof with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof. A reaction product or blend of a polyaniline or a derivative thereon with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof can be brought to an easy-to-handle or directly melt-processable form through a heat-treatment process carried out at approx. +40.degree. to +250.degree. C. The obtained plastic material is advantageously further improved by blending the heat-treated reaction product or blend with a thermoplastic polymer and then melt-processing the mixed blend. The properties of the resulting compound material exhibit complete compatibility of the heat-treated reaction product or blend with the thermoplastic polymer.
摘要:
A method and a device for determination of the stability or storability of oil, wherein the stability of oil is determined by measuring the intensity of light scattering from the oil surface, when an asphalteneflocculating liquid is added to the oil sample for determining the stability of the oil. In an advantageous embodiment of the method the intensity of scattered light is directed onto the surface of the oil sample by using a suitable prism. The invention allows implementation of a fully automatically operating analyzer for determining the stability of oil. A closed measuring system is brought about that solves the explosion protection problem which is important in oil refining.
摘要:
The invention relates to a new, technically simple but efficient process, with a good yield, for the preparation of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol from n-butyraldehyde by aldol condensation in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide or alkali earth metal hydroxide catalyst. To promote the reaction and to improve its controllability, a neutral phase-transfer catalyst is additionally used in the process according to the invention. 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexane diol is used in insecticides and, for example, in the preparation of polyesters.
摘要:
The invention relates to a conductive polymer complex which contains a polyaniline or derivative thereof doped with a protonic acid. By the method according to the invention, a conductive polymer is obtained having substantially reduced acidity, sufficiently high conductivity level, and which is suitable, for example, for being melt processed in conventional plastics processing apparatus. The acidity of the conductive polymer can be reduced by having the conductive polymer contain both a metal compound and an additionally neutralizing compound. The obtained conductive polymer material, having a pH value of approximately 3-8, can be mixed with an insulating polymer to produce a conductive plastics mixture. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a conductive polymer that is more processable by incorporating therein a plasticizing agent selected from the group consisting of water, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
摘要:
A process for eliminating in plastic materials odor/taste-producing substances is described, the plastic material especially having the shape of water pipes, plastic containers or plastic film/sheeting for packing foodstuffs and pharmaceutical preparations, or interior fittings of plastic. In the process, there is added, during processing in the molten state, less than 0.5 wt.-%, preferably 0.05-0.3 wt.-%, of a substantially hydrophobic aluminum silicate molecular sieve having a pore diameter of at least 5.5 .ANG., an Si/Al molar ratio in the crystal lattice of at least 35, preferably 200-500, and a sorption capacity for water at 25.degree. C. and 4.6 torr of less than 10 wt.-%, to the plastic material which subsequently is formed. The molecular sieve preferably has an average particle size not exceeding about 5 .mu.m. The plastic material is a polyolefin plastic and is preferably selected among ethylene plastics and propylene plastics.
摘要:
The present invention concerns a heterogeneous catalyst particularly suited to the metathetic reactions of olefins in liquid or gas phase. Such a catalyst generally includes catalytically active species of tungsten on an inorganic support. The catalyst in accordance with the invention is prepared by vaporizing a precursor of tungsten, such as tungsten oxychloride or hexachloride and then routing the vapor of the tungsten-containing reagent into a reaction space, where the vapor is brought to interaction with the support material at approximately 160.degree. to 500.degree. C. The vapor pressure of the tungsten-containing reagent is kept sufficiently high, and the duration of interaction with the support sufficiently long, to keep the amount of the reagent at least equal to the number of available bonding sites of the support, whereby the bonding of the tungsten-containing reagent to the support surface is determined by the surface properties of the support. The catalyst can be posttreated after its preparation to modify its catalytic activity. The specific activity of the catalytic metal species of the catalyst according to the invention is high.
摘要:
In the invention a procatalyst of a catalyst system of a new type intended for the polymerization of olefins has been prepared comprising a carrier based on a magnesium compound, a titanium compound and a dialkylester of phthalic acid. The most important properties of this kind of a procatalyst are the high stereoselectivity and the high activity. Now it has been possible to increase the activity considerably by using a different kind of dialkylester of phthalic acid having in its alkyl 9 to 20 carbon atoms and the dielectricity constant of which being preferably below 5 measured at 25 C.