Abstract:
A phenylene ether oligomer composition is disclosed comprising, a phenylene ether oligomer having an external amine content of less than or equal to 1.5 weight percent; and a residual solvent in an amount of 10 to 10000 parts per million by weight, based on the weight of the phenylene ether oligomer composition; wherein the phenylene ether oligomer composition has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.03 to 0.13 deciliter per gram; a glass transition temperature of 135 to 175° C., or a combination thereof.
Abstract:
A shell-and-tube equipment has a cylindrical geometry and is arranged along a vertical axis. The shell-and-tube equipment comprises an upper chamber and a lower chamber connected to a common tube bundle on opposite sides. The upper chamber is provided with at least an inlet nozzle for inletting a first fluid. The tube bundle is surrounded by a shell provided with nozzles for inletting and outletting a second fluid which exchanges heat with the first fluid through the tube bundle. The upper chamber encloses at least a distribution device configured for uniformly delivering the first fluid towards the tube bundle. The distribution device comprises an annular channel which is arranged around the vertical axis and is in fluid communication with the inlet nozzle. The distribution device comprises a plurality of channel modules of circular trapezoid shape, tightly joined together at their respective vertical edges for forming the annular channel.
Abstract:
A shell-and-tube equipment has a cylindrical geometry and is arranged along a vertical axis. The shell-and-tube equipment comprises an upper chamber and a lower chamber connected to a common tube bundle on opposite sides. The upper chamber is provided with at least an inlet nozzle for inletting a first fluid. The tube bundle is surrounded by a shell provided with nozzles for inletting and outletting a second fluid which exchanges heat with the first fluid through the tube bundle. The upper chamber encloses at least a distribution device configured for uniformly delivering the first fluid towards the tube bundle. The distribution device comprises an annular channel which is arranged around the vertical axis and is in fluid communication with the inlet nozzle. The distribution device comprises a plurality of channel modules of circular trapezoid shape, tightly joined together at their respective vertical edges for forming the annular channel.
Abstract:
A method for isolating a phenylene ether oligomer composition includes feeding a solution including a solvent and a phenylene ether oligomer into a thin film evaporator, forming a film on an interior surface of the thin film evaporator, and heating to devolatilize the solvent from the film, to provide a phenylene ether oligomer composition. The thin film evaporator includes cylindrical heating chamber and a rotor having one or more rotor blades, wherein an edge of the one or more rotor blades and the interior surface of the cylindrical heating chamber are separated by a distance of 0.5 to 3.5 millimeters. Phenylene ether oligomer compositions are also described.
Abstract:
A catalyst with large surface area structure, in particular for steam-reforming catalysts, which is characterized in that the large surface area structure is formed of a large number of round or parallel penetrating holes of polygonal cross-section, wherein the catalyst carrier is prepared in the injection molding process, coated with a washcoat and then impregnated with the active component. The catalyst carrier includes at least one sinterable material and has a lateral pressure resistance of at least 700 N. Also, a process for the preparation of such catalysts and the use thereof in a reactor.
Abstract:
A method allowing the efficient conduction of highly exothermic, catalyst initiated reactions, particularly ones in which the product spectrum is highly dependant upon the temperature at which the process is conducted and to diffusional resistances within the catalyst particle matrix. The process occurs in a heat transfer device which consists of at least two channels which have at least one wall in common. Preferably two distinct sets of flow channels exist in which the process proceeds in one set of channels and heat transfer fluid passes through the second. The area of contact between the two sets of channels is sufficiently large to allow the efficient transfer of heat. These dimensions are controlled through the use of hollow catalyst particles through which the process gas can diffuse through either the inside or outside.
Abstract:
A packing layer for a structured packing which has corrugations forming open channels. Each channel includes first and second corrugation peaks bounding a first corrugation valley with each corrugation peak having an apex and the corrugation valley having a valley bottom.A spacer element is mounted on and extends along the apex of at least one corrugation peak. The spacer element has an edge which has a larger normal spacing from the valley bottom than the spacing of the apex of the corrugation peak from the valley bottom.
Abstract:
An apparatus for producing powders of metal compound containing oxygen comprising a liquid flow controller, a vaporizer and a reactor, which consists essentially of: means for feeding a gas containing a material and oxygen; means for heating the gas from the side surface of the feeding means; means for cooling the gas positioned at the downstream side of the feeding means; and means for receiving the product generated by the reaction. A process and products for producing powders of metal compound containing oxygen comprising the steps of: feeding at least one material selected from a liquid material and a solution material obtained by dissolving solid ingredient in organic solvent via a liquid flow controller into a vaporizer; vaporizing the materials in the vaporizer; adding oxygen; heating; cooling; and crystallizing. The process and the apparatus enable easily mass-producing fine powders of metal compound containing oxygen used as materials for optical crystals, nonlinear crystals or magneto-optical crystals with reasonable production cost.
Abstract:
A reactor including a rotatable disc (3) having a trough (13) in an upper surface (5) thereof. Reactant (15) is supplied to the trough (13) by way of a feed (4), the disc (3) is rotated at high speed, and the reactant (15) spills out of the trough (13) so as to form a film (17) on the surface (5). As the reactant (15) traverses the surface (5) of the disc (3), it undergoes chemical or physical processes before being thrown from the periphery of the disc (3) into collector means (7).