摘要:
A method of partially oxidizing an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone comprises contacting a gas containing the alcohol with a solid catalyst containing molybdenum, preferably in a +6 oxidation state, and having a surface area of 10 m2/g or higher, preferably 100 m2/g or higher. The molybdenum is supported on a high surface area carrier. The alcohol is a primary or secondary alcohol and preferably contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the alcohol is ethanol. NOx emissions from an internal combustion engine can be lowered by combining the product of partial oxidation with the exhaust stream before passing the exhaust mixture through a lean NOx catalyst. The partial oxidation product may be generated on board and injected into the exhaust under closed loop or open loop control
摘要:
A chemical processing microsystem useful for identifying and optimizing materials (e.g., catalysts) that enhance chemical processes or for characterizing and/or optimizing chemical processes is disclosed. The chemical processing microsystem comprises a plurality of microreactors 600 and, in a preferred embodiment, a plurality of microseparators 900 integral with the chemical processing microsystem 10. The microreactors 600 are preferably diffusion-mixed microreactors formed in a plurality of laminae that include a modular, interchangeable candidate-material array 100. The material array 100 comprises a plurality of different candidate materials (e.g., catalysts), preferably arranged at separate, individually addressable portions of a substrate (e.g., wafer). The microseparators 900 are similarly formed in a plurality of laminae that include a modular, interchangeable adsorbent array 700. The adsorbent array 700 comprises one or more adsorbents, preferably arranged at separate, individually addressable portions of a substrate to spatially correspond to the plurality of different candidate materials. Modular microfluidic distribution systems are also disclosed. The chemical processing microsystem can be integrated into a material evaluation system that enables a comprehensive combinatorial material science research program.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for preparing carbonyl compounds from olefins and an oxidizing agent in which the olefin is oxidized in a reactor, a reaction gas mixture which comprises unoxidized olefin being formed, which comprises separating off unoxidized olefin at least in part from the reaction gas mixture by a membrane process.
摘要:
A GAS OR SOLUTION CONTAINING ALDEHYDES SUCH AS FORMALDEHYDE, IS CONTACTED WITH A SULFITE OF ALKALI METALS OR AMMONIUM OR A MIXTURE OF 100 TO 5% BY WEIGHT OF THE SULFITE AND 0 TO 95% BY WEIGHT OF BISULFATE OF ALKALI METALS OR AMMONIUM, WHILE KEEPING PH OF A TREATING SYSTEM AT 6-
11, AND/OR THE RESULTING SOLUTION CAN BE SUBJECTED TO ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT.