公开(公告)号：US20050218481A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-06

申请号：US10816205

申请日：2004-03-31

申请人： Chung Lee ,  Atul Kumar

发明人： Chung Lee ,  Atul Kumar

IPC分类号： H01L21/4763 ,  H01L23/58

CPC分类号： H01L21/3122 ,  H01L21/02118 ,  H01L21/0212 ,  H01L21/02126 ,  H01L21/022 ,  H01L21/02216 ,  H01L21/02263 ,  H01L21/02348 ,  H01L21/3127

摘要： An integrated circuit including a composite polymer dielectric layer formed on a substrate is disclosed, wherein the composite polymer dielectric layer includes a first silane-containing layer formed on the substrate, wherein the first silane-containing layer is formed at least partially from an organosilane material, a polymer dielectric layer formed on the first silane-containing layer, and a second silane-containing layer formed on the polymer dielectric layer. In some embodiments, the first silane-containing layer and second silane-containing layer may be formed from organosilane materials having at least one unsaturated bond capable of free radical polymerization. Systems and methods for making the disclosed integrated circuits are also provided.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种集成电路，其包括在基板上形成的复合聚合物电介质层，其中所述复合聚合物电介质层包括在所述基板上形成的第一含硅烷层，其中所述第一含硅烷层至少部分地由有机硅烷材料形成 ，形成在第一含硅烷层上的聚合物电介质层和形成在聚合物电介质层上的第二含硅烷层。 在一些实施方案中，第一含硅烷层和第二含硅烷层可以由具有至少一个能够进行自由基聚合的不饱和键的有机硅烷材料形成。 还提供了用于制造所公开的集成电路的系统和方法。

公开(公告)号：US20050174045A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-11

申请号：US11071764

申请日：2005-03-02

申请人： Chung Lee ,  Atul Kumar ,  Chieh Chen ,  Yuri Pikovsky

发明人： Chung Lee ,  Atul Kumar ,  Chieh Chen ,  Yuri Pikovsky

IPC分类号： B05D3/02 ,  B05D7/24 ,  B29C71/02 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08J5/18 ,  H01L21/312 ,  H01J1/62

CPC分类号： B29C71/02 ,  B05D1/60 ,  B05D3/0254 ,  B29C2071/022 ,  B29C2071/025 ,  B29C2071/027 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/025 ,  C08G2261/3424 ,  C08J5/18 ,  H01L21/0212 ,  H01L21/3127

摘要： An organic light-emitting display is disclosed, wherein the organic light-emitting display includes a thin film transistor portion including an array of thin film transistors, and a light-emitting portion including an array of organic light-emitting elements in electrical communication with the array of thin film transistors, wherein the light-emitting portion is formed from a plurality of layers of materials, and wherein the plurality of layers of materials in the light-emitting portion includes a plurality of passive polymer layers each formed from a single polymer material. Systems and methods for forming organic light-emitting displays are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种有机发光显示器，其中所述有机发光显示器包括薄膜晶体管部分，所述薄膜晶体管部分包括薄膜晶体管阵列，以及发光部分，包括与所述有机发光元件电连通的有机发光元件阵列 薄膜晶体管阵列，其中所述发光部分由多层材料形成，并且其中所述发光部分中的所述多个材料层包括多个被动聚合物层，每个被动聚合物层由单一聚合物材料形成 。 还公开了用于形成有机发光显示器的系统和方法。

公开(公告)号：US20050047927A1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-03

申请号：US10820447

申请日：2004-04-07

申请人： Chung Lee ,  Oanh Nguyen ,  Wei Lee ,  Michael Solomensky ,  Atul Kumar ,  James Chung Chang ,  Binh Nguyen

发明人： Chung Lee ,  Oanh Nguyen ,  Wei Lee ,  Michael Solomensky ,  Atul Kumar ,  James Chung Chang ,  Binh Nguyen

IPC分类号： B05D1/00 ,  B05D3/06 ,  B05D7/24 ,  C23C16/452 ,  H01L21/312 ,  F04B1/00

CPC分类号： B05D1/60 ,  B05D1/007 ,  B05D3/062 ,  C23C16/452 ,  H01L21/02118 ,  H01L21/02205 ,  H01L21/02271 ,  H01L21/02348 ,  H01L21/312 ,  H01L21/3127

摘要： A Process Module (“PM”) is designed to facilitate Transport Polymerization (“TP”) of precursors that are useful for preparations of low Dielectric Constant (“∈”) films. The PM consists primarily of a Material Delivery System (“MDS”) with a high temperature Vapor Phase Controller (“VFC”), a TP Reactor, a Treatment Chamber, a Deposition Chamber and a Pumping System. The PM is designed to facilitate TP for new precursors and for film deposition and stabilization processes.

摘要翻译： 工艺模块（“PM”）被设计用于促进可用于制备低介电常数（“ε”）薄膜的前体的传输聚合（“TP”）。 PM主要由具有高温气相控制器（“VFC”），TP反应器，处理室，沉积室和泵送系统的物料输送系统（“MDS”）组成。 PM被设计为促进TP的新前体和薄膜沉积和稳定过程。

公开(公告)号：US20050000434A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-06

申请号：US10897797

申请日：2004-07-22

申请人： Chung Lee ,  Atul Kumar ,  Chieh Chen

发明人： Chung Lee ,  Atul Kumar ,  Chieh Chen

IPC分类号： B01J19/12 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B05D1/00 ,  B05D3/02 ,  B05D3/06 ,  B05D7/24 ,  B29C71/02 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08J5/18 ,  C08L65/00 ,  C08L65/04 ,  C23C16/452 ,  F28D17/00 ,  H01L21/312 ,  H01L21/768 ,  H01L23/532 ,  C23C16/00

CPC分类号： H01L23/5329 ,  B01J19/123 ,  B01J19/1887 ,  B01J2219/00153 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/0879 ,  B05D1/007 ,  B05D1/60 ,  B05D3/0254 ,  B05D3/061 ,  B05D3/062 ,  B29C71/02 ,  B29C2071/022 ,  B29C2071/025 ,  B29C2071/027 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/025 ,  C08G2261/3424 ,  C08J5/18 ,  C08J2365/04 ,  C08L65/00 ,  C08L65/04 ,  C23C16/452 ,  F28D17/005 ,  H01L21/0212 ,  H01L21/02263 ,  H01L21/312 ,  H01L21/3127 ,  H01L23/53238 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/09701 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A reactor for forming a reactive intermediate from a precursor having a general formula of Xm—Ar—(CZ′Z″Y)n is disclosed, wherein X and Y are leaving groups, wherein Ar is an aromatic moiety and wherein the reactive intermediate has at least two free radicals. The reactor includes an inlet for admitting a flow of the precursor into the reactor, an interior having a surface at least partially formed from a material M that reacts with at least one of X and Y to remove at least one of X and Y from the precursor and to form at least one of a compound MaYb and a compound McXd, an outlet for admitting a flow of the reactive intermediate out of the reactor.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于由具有通式Xm-Ar-（CZ'Z'Y）n的前体形成反应性中间体的反应器，其中X和Y是离去基团，其中Ar是芳族部分，其中反应性中间体 至少有两个自由基。 所述反应器包括用于允许前体流入反应器的入口，内部具有至少部分地由材料M形成的表面，所述材料M与X和Y中的至少一个反应以将X和Y中的至少一个从 前体，并形成化合物MaYb和化合物McXd中的至少一种，用于将反应性中间体流从反应器中引入的出口。

公开(公告)号：US06818990B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

申请号：US09542095

申请日：2000-04-03

申请人： Mark J. DelaRosa ,  Toh-Ming Lu ,  Atul Kumar

发明人： Mark J. DelaRosa ,  Toh-Ming Lu ,  Atul Kumar

IPC分类号： H01L23485

CPC分类号： H01L21/76829 ,  H01L21/0212 ,  H01L21/02131 ,  H01L21/3127 ,  H01L21/31629 ,  H01L21/76828 ,  H01L21/76834 ,  H01L21/76864 ,  H01L23/53238 ,  H01L23/5329 ,  H01L23/53295 ,  H01L2221/1078 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/12044 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： Structures and methods for preventing fluorine diffusion from a fluorinated dielectric material having a low dielectric constant are disclosed. Various fluorine diffusion barriers are described, each of which comprises doped or undoped silicon in combination with tantalum, tantalum nitride, tantalum silicide, cobalt, cobalt silicide, or mixtures thereof. Fluorine diffusion from fluorinated dielectrics is stopped by the barriers at temperatures as high as 450° C. In practice, one of the disclosed fluorine diffusion barriers is positioned between a fluorine-containing insulator and a conductive metal interconnect or metal interconnect diffusion barrier, thereby preventing diffusion of the fluorine atoms into the adjacent interconnect/barrier.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于防止氟扩散从具有低介电常数的氟化介电材料的结构和方法。 描述了各种氟扩散阻挡层，其各自包括与钽，氮化钽，硅化钽，钴，硅化钴或其混合物组合的掺杂或未掺杂的硅。 氟化电介质的氟扩散在高达450℃的温度下被阻挡层阻止。实际上，所公开的氟扩散阻挡层之一位于含氟绝缘体和导电金属互连或金属互连扩散屏障之间，从而防止 氟原子扩散到相邻的互连/屏障中。

公开(公告)号：US09660751B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-23

申请号：US14623515

申请日：2015-02-17

申请人： Sanjay Batra ,  Atul Kumar

发明人： Sanjay Batra ,  Atul Kumar

IPC分类号： H04J13/16 ,  H04W72/00 ,  H04W12/02

CPC分类号： H04J13/16 ,  H04W12/02 ,  H04W72/00

摘要： A wireless communication system includes a processor that receives a downlink control information (DCI) associated with a transmission channel used for transmitting a RF signal and a control channel element index associated with the DCI. The processor determines a scrambling code based on the control channel element index for the DCI, scrambles the DCI using the scrambling code, generates a scrambled DCI, and modulates the scrambled. DCI to generate a modulated symbol. The processor uses look-up tables to determine a resource element group (REG) based on the control channel element index, map the modulated symbol to the REG, and generate a transmission frame.

公开(公告)号：US09638720B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-02

申请号：US14129513

申请日：2013-08-26

申请人： Ramnarayanan Muthukaruppan ,  Srinivasulu Malepati ,  Atul Kumar ,  Santhosh Nen

发明人： Ramnarayanan Muthukaruppan ,  Srinivasulu Malepati ,  Atul Kumar ,  Santhosh Nen

IPC分类号： G01R15/14 ,  G01R19/252 ,  G05F1/565 ,  G06F1/26

CPC分类号： G01R15/146 ,  G01R15/207 ,  G01R19/252 ,  G05F1/565 ,  G06F1/26

摘要： Described is a current sensor comprising: a main resistive branch having a target device coupled to a load at a first node; a replica resistive branch having a replica device which is a replica of the target device, the replica device coupled to a current digital to analog converter (DAC) at a second node; and an analog to digital converter (ADC) coupled directly or indirectly to the first and second nodes, the ADC to generate an output coupled to the current DAC.

公开(公告)号：US08911363B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-16

申请号：US13540849

申请日：2012-07-03

申请人： Alka Kumar ,  Atul Kumar

发明人： Alka Kumar ,  Atul Kumar

IPC分类号： A61B1/12 ,  A61B1/00 ,  A61M1/00 ,  A61B1/015 ,  A61M3/02

CPC分类号： A61B1/015 ,  A61B1/00068 ,  A61B1/00071 ,  A61M1/0058 ,  A61M3/0258

摘要： A continuous flow irrigation endoscope and a continuous flow irrigation fluid management system, both designed to be compatible to each other and meant to function as a single system. The endoscope and the fluid management system are synergistic to each other such that both enhance the efficiency of each other. The system allows a body tissue cavity to be distended by continuous flow irrigation so that the detached tissue pieces and waste fluid present inside a body tissue cavity are continuously automatically evacuated from the tissue cavity without causing the cavity to collapse at any stage and without the need of withdrawing the endoscope or a part of the endoscope from the tissue cavity.

摘要翻译： 连续流动灌溉内窥镜和连续流动灌溉流体管理系统，其被设计为彼此兼容并且意图用作单个系统。 内窥镜和流体管理系统彼此协同，从而提高彼此的效率。 该系统允许通过连续流动灌洗来扩张身体组织腔，使得存在于身体组织腔内的分离的组织片和废液不断地从组织腔排出，而不会导致腔在任何阶段崩溃，而不需要 从组织腔抽出内窥镜或内窥镜的一部分。

公开(公告)号：US08308726B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-13

申请号：US11216170

申请日：2005-09-01

申请人： Atul Kumar ,  Alka Kumar

发明人： Atul Kumar ,  Alka Kumar

IPC分类号： A61M31/00

CPC分类号： A61M31/00 ,  A61B1/015 ,  A61M1/0058 ,  A61M3/0216 ,  A61M3/0258 ,  A61M29/00 ,  A61M2205/3334

摘要： A system to minimize fluid turbulence inside a tissue cavity during endoscopic procedures. A body tissue cavity of a subject is distended by continuous flow irrigation using a solenoid operated pump on the inflow side and a positive displacement pump, such as a peristaltic pump, on the outflow side, such that the amplitude of the pressure pulsations created by the outflow positive displacement pump inside the said tissue cavity is substantially dampened to almost negligible levels. The present invention also provides a method for accurately determining the rate of fluid loss into the subject's body system during any endoscopic procedure without utilizing any deficit weight or fluid volume calculation, the same being accomplished by using two fluid flow rate sensors. The present invention also provides a system of creating and maintaining any desired pressure in a body tissue cavity for any desired cavity outflow rate.

摘要翻译： 一种在内窥镜手术期间使组织腔内的流体湍流最小化的系统。 受试者的身体组织腔通过流入侧的电磁操作泵和流出侧上的诸如蠕动泵的容积式泵，通过连续流动灌流来扩张，使得由流体侧产生的压力脉动的振幅 所述组织腔内的流出正位移泵基本上被抑制到几乎可忽略的水平。 本发明还提供了一种用于在任何内窥镜程序中精确地确定进入受试者身体系统的流体速率的方法，而不使用任何缺陷重量或流体体积计算，这通过使用两个流体流速传感器来实现。 本发明还提供了一种在任何期望的腔体流出速率下，在身体组织腔中产生和维持任何所需压力的系统。

公开(公告)号：US08232026B2

公开(公告)日：2012-07-31

申请号：US12904395

申请日：2010-10-14

申请人： Atul Kumar ,  Mark Stephens Ricketts ,  Shinichi Hirano

发明人： Atul Kumar ,  Mark Stephens Ricketts ,  Shinichi Hirano

IPC分类号： H01M8/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/0206 ,  C22C1/02 ,  H01M8/0245 ,  H01M8/026

摘要： In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell such as a fuel cell is provided to include a bipolar plate. The bipolar plate includes a metal substrate defining at least one flow channel having a channel span of no greater than 1.0 millimeter; and the metal substrate includes a stainless steel material less precious than stainless steel SS316L. In certain instances, the channel span is of 0.7 to 0.9 millimeters. In certain other instances, the flow channel has a channel depth of 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters. In yet other instances, the plate substrate includes stainless steel SS301, stainless steel SS302, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the electrochemical cell further includes a gas diffusion layer disposed next to the bipolar plate.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，提供诸如燃料电池的电化学电池以包括双极板。 双极板包括限定至少一个具有不大于1.0毫米的通道跨度的流动通道的金属基板; 并且金属基板包括不锈钢材料，不锈钢SS316L不贵。 在某些情况下，通道跨度为0.7至0.9毫米。 在某些其他情况下，流动通道具有0.3至0.5毫米的通道深度。 在其他情况下，板基板包括不锈钢SS301，不锈钢SS302或其组合。 在另一个实施例中，电化学电池还包括邻近双极板设置的气体扩散层。