摘要:
In an optical information recording medium of the type wherein information is recorded or reproduced when a light beam scans each of a plurality of mutually parallel tracking tracks, an auxiliary track is extended between the adjacent tracking tracks and has at least one portion in parallel with the tracking tracks. In a method of recording or reproducing information by scanning a light beam on each of a plurality of mutually parallel tracking tracks on the recording medium, the recording medium has an auxiliary track which is extended between the adjacent tracking tracks and which has at least one portion in parallel with the tracking tracks and the light beam is kicked in the parallel portion of the auxiliary track.
摘要:
A cleaning device comprises a cleaning member having a cleaning surface adapted to abut against a recording surface of an information recording medium, apparatus for holding the cleaning member, apparatus for moving the cleaning surface of the cleaning member, and apparatus for moving the hold means relative to the recording surface.
摘要:
An information recording/reproducing apparatus uses a card-like recording medium having an area for information recording and a blank area, the area for information recording having a reflectivity different from that of the blank area. The apparatus includes a head unit for performing at least one of recording and reproduction, an autotracking servo, a stepping motor and the like cooperating to cause the card to reciprocate relative to the head unit, and an abnormal state detect circuit for detecting whether the card is inserted in the apparatus in a normal state. The abnormal state detect circuit includes a photosensing unit consisting of a light-emitting element for emitting light rays onto the card and a light-receiving element for receiving the light rays from the card. The photosensing unit is deviated with respect to a central portion of the card along a direction perpendicular to a reciprocal movement of the card so that the area for information recording is irradiated with the light rays from the light-emitting element upon insertion of the card in the normal state.
摘要:
A method of preparing a composite aluminum material to be formed integrally by bonding aluminum or aluminum alloy to an aluminum or aluminum alloy member which is formed in advance in a specified shape by the method of internal chill, etc. The method comprises the steps of forming a chemical conversion coating of pentafluoroaluminate (K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5) by bringing a solution containing potassium ions and fluorine ions in contact with the surface of the aluminum member.
摘要:
A method of making semiconductor integrated circuit devices with narrow and deep isolation regions of polycrystalline silicon and wide and thick isolation regions of thermally grown silicon oxide. A multi-layer of a first silicon nitride layer, a polycrystalline silicon layer, a second silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxide layer are formed on a semiconductor body. A photoresist layer is applied on the surface of the silicon oxide layer. An opening is formed in the photoresist layer and the multi-layer. The silicon oxide layer under the photoresist layer is side-etched through the opening. The exposed polycrystalline layer is converted into another silicon oxide layer. Another opening surrounding the silicon oxide layer is formed to expose surfaces of the semiconductor body. Deep grooves are formed in the semiconductor body.
摘要:
An improved catalyst suitable for use in the production of an unsaturated carboxylic acid by the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of an unsaturated aldehyde is provided. In this catalyst, a heat-resistant inorganic substance, such as alumina, silica-alumina and silicon carbide, having a particle diameter of 3 through 10 mm, an apparent porosity of 35 through 60%, a water absorption of 20 through 50%, an average pore diameter of not less than 40 microns, a specific surface area of not more than 2 m.sup.2 /g and a bulk specific gravity of 1.5 through 2.0 is used for supporting a composition containing molybdenum, phosphorus, vanadium and the alkali metals. The use of the above-mentioned carrier results in the advantages that the unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as methacrylic acid, can be selectively produced from the unsaturated aldehyde at a high yield and that the mechanical strength of the catalyst is remarkably improved.
摘要:
Methacrolein is catalytically oxidized into methacrylic acid in the vapor phase at a temperature of 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. The catalyst used is comprised of molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium and/or cesium, vanadium, silver and/or tellurium, and oxygen, and represented by the formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.a A.sub.b V.sub.c X.sub.d O.sub.ewherein A is K and/or Cs and X is Ag and/or Te, and a=0.5-5, b=0.1-4, c=0.05-3, d=0.001-2 and e is a positive number required by the valence states of the other elements present.
摘要:
There is provided a continuous-fiber nonwoven fabric excellent in terms of bulkiness, flexibility, and shape stability. The continuous-fiber nonwoven fabric comprises eccentric hollow conjugated continuous fiber containing a part (A), a part containing a higher melting-point thermoplastic resin (A), and a part (B), a part containing a lower melting-point thermoplastic resin (B), the parts (A) and (B) having been bonded to each other in a side by side arrangement, wherein the difference in melting point between the higher melting-point thermoplastic resin (A) and the lower melting-point thermoplastic resin (B) is 5° C. or greater, the eccentric hollow conjugated continuous fiber has a part (A):part (B) proportion in the range of 5 to 30 weight %:95 to 70 weight %, the eccentric hollow conjugated continuous fiber has a cross-section in which the thickness (a) of the part (A) is smaller than the thickness (b) of the part (B), and the eccentric hollow conjugated continuous fiber has been crimped.
摘要:
A vehicle air conditioning apparatus is provided that can extend the mileage of a vehicle by reducing the power consumed by the operation of a compressor and a heater. When a required quantity of heating Q_req is acquired, the minimum power sharing ratio between quantity of heat release Q_hpof a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 22 and quantity of heat release Q_htrof a water heater 32 is calculated, which allows the power consumption W_total to be minimized, and a compressor 21 and the water heater 32 are operated based on the result of the calculation.
摘要:
A substrate processing apparatus can prevent photo-corrosion of, e.g., copper interconnects due to exposure of a surface to be processed of a substrate to light, and can perform processing, such as cleaning, of a substrate surface while preventing photo-corrosion of, e.g., copper interconnects due to exposure to light. The substrate processing apparatus includes a plurality of processing areas housing therein processing units which have been subjected to light shielding processing; and at least one transfer area housing therein a transfer robot and disposed between two adjacent ones of the plurality of processing areas. A light shielding wall is provided between the transfer area and each of the two adjacent processing areas, and a light-shielding maintenance door is provided for the front opening of the transfer area. The processing units are coupled to the light shielding walls in a light-shielding manner.