Abstract:
Improved processes for preparing intermediates useful for preparing antibacterial N-[1-oxo-2-alkyl-3-(N-hydroxyformamido)-propyl}-(carbonylamino-aryl or -heteroaryl)-azacyclo4-7alkanes or thiazacyclo4-7alkanes, which have one or more of the following features: (1) make use of a particular β-lactam intermediate; (2) which make use of a particular resolving agents, enantiomerically pure substituted propionic acids, especially (R)-2-butyl-3-hydroxy-propionic acid; (3) which avoid the use of hydrogen peroxide; and (4) which facilitate selective debenzylation reducing production of waste by-products.
Abstract:
Methods and compositions for identifying novel pesticidal gene homologues are provided. Specifically, the methods of the invention comprise systematically designing oligonucleotide primers that are specific for a pesticidal gene of interest and performing successive rounds of PCR amplification of nucleic acid material from a microorganism, particularly a Bacillus thuringiensis strain, to identify novel homologues of known pesticidal genes. Oligonucleotide primers that can be used to practice the present methods are further disclosed.
Abstract:
The present invention, in one embodiment, provides a method of forming an organic electric device that includes providing a plurality of carbon nanostructures; and dispersing the plurality of carbon nanostructures in a polymeric matrix to provide a polymeric composite, wherein when the plurality of carbon nanostructures are present at a first concentration an interface of the plurality of carbon nanostructures and the polymeric matrix is characterized by charge transport when an external energy is applied, and when the plurality of carbon nanostructures are present at a second concentration the interface of the plurality of carbon nanostructures and the polymeric matrix are characterized by exciton dissociation when an external energy is applied, wherein the first concentration is less than the second concentration.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a mobile cantilever door-type container inspection system, in the art of radiation scanning imaging inspection technology. The system according to the present invention comprises a moveable scanning apparatus formed by a scanning frame and a remote control device, wherein the scanning frame comprises a radiation source and some detectors, wherein the radiation source or an apparatus cabin wherein the radiation source is disposed is connected with an L-shaped cantilever structure to form a door-type scanning frame, wherein beneath the radiation source or the apparatus cabin wherein the radiation source is disposed are provided with rollers that can reciprocatingly move on rails and are controlled by drive means. The detectors are disposed in a cross beam and a vertical beam of the cantilever structure of the door-type scanning frame. Rays of the radiation source are right in alignment with rows of detectors in the cantilever structure. The container truck to be inspected can pass through the door-like frame formed by the door-type scanning frame. Due to the cantilever structure, the inspection system is advantageous in stable operation, good-quality images, and high reliability.
Abstract:
Faster synthesis of photolithography mask modifications is described. In one embodiment, the invention includes synthesizing a first binary photolithography mask, developing perturbations to an estimated electric field generated by the first mask in use, and synthesizing a second binary photolithography mask by applying the perturbations to the first mask.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a scanning arm and a train inspection system by imaging through radiation having the scanning arm. The train inspection system by imaging through radiation comprises a scanning arm, a detector bracket with detector arrays mounted thereon, a radiation source, a calibration device, a front collimator and a rear collimator. The scanning arm includes a rigid middle inclining section; an upper horizontal section and a lower horizontal section which are located at upper and lower ends of the rigid middle inclining section respectively and supported on a construction base; and vibration damping elements arranged between the upper horizontal section and the construction base, and between the lower horizontal section and the construction base. The detector bracket is fixedly connected with said upper horizontal section. The radiation source is suspended from the lower horizontal section by a supporting abutment. The calibration device is fixed on the horizontal ground and faces x-ray emitted from the radiation source. The front collimator is suspended from the middle inclining section, and the calibration device is located between the front collimator and the radiation source. The rear collimator is suspended from the middle inclining section, and the front collimator is located between the calibration device and the rear collimator. The sector-shaped x-ray emitted from the radiation source penetrate through the calibration device, the front collimator, the rear collimator and the train to be inspected sequentially so as to be received by the detector array provided on the detector bracket. Compared with the prior arts, the train inspection system by imaging through radiation of the present invention is advantageous in reasonable designing, good adaptation, reliable construction, stable imaging and reduced occupied area. Accordingly, the train inspection system by imaging through radiation of the present invention is advantageously applicable to inspection of trains for the customs.
Abstract:
Systems, techniques, and approaches to quickly generate mask patterns, synthesize near-fields, and design masks. In one aspect, a mask may be designed by modeling the transmitted field using a library of corrections and a fast field model.
Abstract:
A composition and associated method for chemical mechanical planarization (or other polishing) are described. The composition contains an abrasive, a dielectric protector comprising a polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide polymer, an oxiding agent, and water. The composition affords minimization of local erosion effects and possesses high selectivities for metal and barrier material removal in relation to dielectric layer materials in metal CMP. The composition is particularly useful in conjunction with the associated method for metal CMP applications (e.g., step 1 copper CMP processes and step 2 copper CMP processes).
Abstract:
A composition and associated method for chemical mechanical planarization (or other polishing) are described. The composition comprises an abrasive and a tricine-type or bicine-type compound. The composition possesses high selectivities for removal of copper in relation to tantalum and dielectric materials whilst minimizing local dishing and erosion effects in CMP. The composition may further comprise an oxidizing agent in which case the composition is particularly useful in conjunction with the associated method for metal CMP applications (e.g., copper CMP).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel Heterocycle-Substituted Tetracyclic Compounds of Formula (I): (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, A′, R2 R3 and R5 are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising at least one Heterocycle-Substituted Tetra-cyclic Compound, and methods of using the Heterocycle-Substituted Tetracyclic Compounds for treating or preventing HCV infection in a patient.