Abstract:
An I/O pad ESD protection circuit is composed of a SCR circuit, a first diode, a second diode, and an anti-latch-up circuit. The SCR circuit has a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal, respectively coupled to the I/O pad and the ground voltage, so as to discharge the electrostatic charges. The anti-latch-up circuit has two terminals, which are respectively coupled to the voltage source and the ground voltage, and another connection terminal, used to send an anti-latch-up signal to the SCR for changing the activating rate. The latch-up phenomenon is avoided.
Abstract:
One embodiment of the present invention provides a system having a nonvolatile memory comprising a p type semiconductor substrate, an oxide layer over the p type semiconductor substrate, a nitride layer over the oxide layer, an additional oxide layer over the nitride layer, a gate over the additional oxide layer, two N+ junctions in the p type semiconductor layer, a source and drain respectively formed in the two N+ junctions, a first bit and a second bit in the nonvolatile memory, and accordingly at least two states of operation (i.e., erase and program) therefor. That is, one bit in the nonvolatile memory can either be in an erase state or program state. For erasing a bit, electrons are injected at the gate of the nonvolatile memory. For programming a bit, electric holes are injected or electrons are reduced for that bit. The present invention also provides a method for sensing and reading at least one bit in a nonvolatile memory comprising applying a bias voltage to the memory, detecting a threshold voltage or read current, comparing the threshold voltage with a reference voltage or comparing the read current with a reference current, and identifying the at least one bit as erased or programmed.
Abstract:
A method of programming the memory cell comprises setting the memory cell to an initial state of a first gate threshold voltage, performing a processing sequence including: applying a voltage bias between the gate and the first junction region to cause electric hole to migrate towards and be retained in the trapping layer, and evaluating a read current generated in response to the voltage bias to determine whether a second gate threshold voltage is reached, wherein the second gate threshold voltage is lower than the first gate threshold voltage. The processing sequence is repeated a number of times by varying one or more time the voltage bias between the gate and the first junction region until the second gate threshold voltage is reached and the memory cell is in a program state.
Abstract:
An optical disc with an identification tag is provided. The identification tag is an Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag provided on the outer rim of the optical disc for storing identification information related to the optical disc, thereby when a plurality of optical discs are packed in a stack, identification information stored in the RFID tags at the outer rims of the optical discs can be easily read.
Abstract:
A method for triggering a power supply module switch of a cordless electric-apparatus which includes a metal inductive area and an electrostatic inductive element comprising the following steps: when a user body approaches the device to a predetermined distance which is less than the electrostatic induction distance, the electrostatic inductive element detects electrostatic charge from the user body so as to turn a switch within the electrostatic inductive element on; a power supply module supplies power for the cordless electric-apparatus when the switch is turned on; when the user body leaving away from the cordless electric-apparatus exceeds the electrostatic induction distance, the switch within the electrostatic inductive element turns off and when the switch turns off the power supply module supplies a part power for the cordless electric-apparatus.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to microspheres comprising hyaluronan derivatized with a bifunctional crosslinker to form microspheres. Methods of making such microspheres, comprising mixing hyaluronic acid and a dihydrazide with a crosslinker in an aqueous solution, adding a solvent and an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion, and lowering the pH of the emulsion to allow intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking to occur, are also disclosed. The invention also provides for pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulations based on the microspheres described herein, further containing one or more active or cosmetic agents, and methods of using such formulations.
Abstract:
A silicon oxide layer is produced by plasma enhanced decomposition of an organosilicon compound to deposit films having a carbon content of at least 1% by atomic weight. An optional carrier gas may be introduced to facilitate the deposition process at a flow rate less than or equal to the flow rate of the organosilicon compounds. An oxygen rich surface may be formed adjacent the silicon oxide layer by temporarily increasing oxidation of the organosilicon compound.
Abstract:
An integrated method comprises providing a low dielectric material, applying a first treatment altering a first property of the low dielectric material, and applying a second treatment altering a second property of the treated low dielectric material and producing a lower dielectric material with better mechanical stability.
Abstract:
To reduce the disturbance between adjacent memory cells, an improved ONO flash memory array is implanted with a pocket on one side of the channel of each memory cell or two pockets of different concentrations on both sides of the channel, thereby resulting in memory cells with asymmetric pockets. Consequently, no disturbances occurred between adjacent memory cells when the ONO flash memory array is programmed or erased by band-to-band techniques, and the disturbances between adjacent memory cells are also suppressed during reading process.
Abstract:
A method of operating a non-volatile memory cell, wherein the non-volatile memory cell includes a word line, a first bit line, and a second bit line, the method includes programming the memory cell that includes applying a high positive bias to the first bit line, applying a ground bias to the second bit line, and applying a high negative bias to the word line, wherein positively-charged holes tunnel through the dielectric layer into the trapping layer.