公开(公告)号：US20050276613A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-15

申请号：US11135705

申请日：2005-05-24

Applicant: David Welch ,  Fred Kish ,  Vincent Dominic ,  Ting-Kuang Chiang

Inventor： David Welch ,  Fred Kish ,  Vincent Dominic ,  Ting-Kuang Chiang

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/017 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0625 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/12 ,  H04B10/145 ,  H04B10/158 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/2914 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/12011 ,  G02B6/12019 ,  G02B6/12023 ,  G02B6/12026 ,  G02B6/12028 ,  G02B6/1203 ,  G02B6/12033 ,  G02B6/4249 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F2001/0175 ,  G02F2001/01758 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0264 ,  H01S5/0265 ,  H01S5/0268 ,  H01S5/0425 ,  H01S5/06256 ,  H01S5/06258 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/101 ,  H01S5/1014 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1228 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01S5/2077 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/2224 ,  H01S5/227 ,  H01S5/3404 ,  H01S5/3408 ,  H01S5/34306 ,  H01S5/4025 ,  H01S5/4031 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S5/5072 ,  H04B10/25 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04B10/675 ,  H04J14/02

Abstract: A FEC enhanced system for an optical transport or communication network that includes an optical transmitter that has a transmitter photonic integrated circuit (TxPIC) chip having an integrated circuit comprising an array of modulated sources providing a plurality of optical modulated channel signals comprising digital bit data streams where each signal is at a wavelength on a wavelength grid. The modulated channel signal outputs from the modulated sources are provided to an integrated multiplexer in the circuit to provide a WDM output signal at a circuit output. At least one FEC encoder is coupled to the modulated sources to encode error-correcting code containing redundant information of the data bit stream for each channel signal. An optical receiver in the network includes a receiver photonic integrated circuit (RxPIC) chip having an integrated circuit comprising an input to a demultiplexer and an array of photodetectors coupled to outputs of the demultiplexer. At least one FEC decoder is coupled to the photodetectors to provide decoded data relating to the bit error rate (BER). Information relating to the BER is provided by a controller at the optical receiver to provide real-time information to the optical transmitter relating to optical characteristics of the modulated sources based upon the BER data.

Abstract translation: 一种用于光传输或通信网络的FEC增强系统，其包括具有发射机光子集成电路（TxPIC）芯片的光发射机，所述发射机光子集成电路（TxPIC）芯片具有集成电路，该集成电路包括调制源阵列，其提供多个光调制信道信号， 其中每个信号处于波长网格上的波长。 来自调制源的调制信道信号输出被提供给电路中的集成多路复用器，以在电路输出端提供WDM输出信号。 至少一个FEC编码器耦合到调制源以对每个信道信号编码包含数据比特流的冗余信息的纠错码。 网络中的光接收器包括具有集成电路的接收器光子集成电路（RxPIC）芯片，该集成电路包括到解复用器的输入和耦合到解复用器的输出的光电检测器阵列。 至少一个FEC解码器耦合到光电检测器以提供与误码率（BER）有关的解码数据。 与BER相关的信息由光接收器处的控制器提供，以基于BER数据向与光发射机相关的调制源的光学特性提供实时信息。

公开(公告)号：US20050135729A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-23

申请号：US11030466

申请日：2005-01-06

Applicant: David Welch ,  Radhakrishnan Nagarajan ,  Fred Kish ,  Mark Missey ,  Vincent Dominic ,  Atul Mathur ,  Frank Peters ,  Charles Joyner ,  Richard Schneider ,  Ting-Kuang Chiang

Inventor： David Welch ,  Radhakrishnan Nagarajan ,  Fred Kish ,  Mark Missey ,  Vincent Dominic ,  Atul Mathur ,  Frank Peters ,  Charles Joyner ,  Richard Schneider ,  Ting-Kuang Chiang

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/017 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0625 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/12 ,  H04B10/145 ,  H04B10/158 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04J14/02

CPC classification number: H04B10/2914 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/12011 ,  G02B6/12019 ,  G02B6/12023 ,  G02B6/12026 ,  G02B6/12028 ,  G02B6/1203 ,  G02B6/12033 ,  G02B6/4249 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F2001/0175 ,  G02F2001/01758 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0264 ,  H01S5/0265 ,  H01S5/0268 ,  H01S5/0425 ,  H01S5/06256 ,  H01S5/06258 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/101 ,  H01S5/1014 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1228 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01S5/2077 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/2224 ,  H01S5/227 ,  H01S5/3404 ,  H01S5/3408 ,  H01S5/34306 ,  H01S5/4025 ,  H01S5/4031 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S5/5072 ,  H04B10/25 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04B10/675 ,  H04J14/02

Abstract: An optical receiver photonic integrated circuit (RxPIC) comprises a semiconductor monolithic chip having an input to receive from an optical transmission link a combined channel signal originating from an optical transmitter source and comprising a plurality of channel signals having different wavelengths forming a wavelength grid. An optical decombiner is integrated in the chip and optically coupled to the input to receive the multiplexed channel signal and provide a decombined individual channel signal on an output waveguide of a plurality of such output waveguides provided from the optical decombiner. A plurality of photodetectors are also integrated in the chip and each photodetector is optically coupled to one of the output waveguides to receive a decombined channel signal and convert the channel signal to an electrical signal. A controller is coupled to receive a portion of the converted signals to determine at least one performance property of the signals and provide service channel signal as feedback about that property via the semiconductor monolithic chip to the optical transmitter source. The controller is coupled to an integrated optical service channel (OSC) on the chip that has a light source which is modulated by the service channel signal. The light source may be integrated on the chip. The optical service channel (OSC) is coupled as an input to the decombiner for transport off the chip to optical transmitter source. If there is an optical amplifier at the input of the chip, the service channel signai will be amplified by that amplifier. Such an optical amplifier may be an off-chip rare earth doped amplifier or an on-chip semiconductor optical amplifier.

Abstract translation: 光接收器光子集成电路（RxPIC）包括半导体单片芯片，其具有从光传输链路接收源自光发射机源的组合信道信号的输入，并且包括具有形成波长网格的不同波长的多个信道信号。 光学分解器集成在芯片中并且光耦合到输入端以接收多路复用的信道信号，并且在由光学分解器提供的多个这样的输出波导的输出波导上提供去重组的单独信道信号。 多个光电检测器也集成在芯片中，并且每个光电检测器光耦合到输出波导中的一个，以接收解复用通道信号并将通道信号转换为电信号。 控制器被耦合以接收转换信号的一部分以确定信号的至少一个性能特性，并且将服务信道信号作为关于经由半导体单芯片到光发射机源的属性的反馈提供。 控制器耦合到芯片上的集成光学服务信道（OSC），其具有由服务信道信号调制的光源。 光源可以集成在芯片上。 光服务信道（OSC）作为输入端耦合到分解器，用于从芯片传输到光发射机源。 如果在芯片输入端有一个光放大器，则该放大器将放大服务通道信号。 这种光放大器可以是片外稀土掺杂放大器或片上半导体光放大器。

公开(公告)号：US20050100345A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-12

申请号：US10999742

申请日：2004-11-30

Applicant: David Welch ,  Fred Kish ,  Charles Joyner

Inventor： David Welch ,  Fred Kish ,  Charles Joyner

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/017 ,  H01L31/12 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/13 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0625 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/145 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04J14/02

CPC classification number: G02B6/12011 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01R31/31728 ,  G01R31/318511 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/12019 ,  G02B6/12021 ,  G02B6/12023 ,  G02B6/12026 ,  G02B6/12028 ,  G02B6/12033 ,  G02B6/131 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B6/4204 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F2001/0175 ,  G02F2001/01758 ,  G02F2203/69 ,  H01L31/125 ,  H01S5/0014 ,  H01S5/0085 ,  H01S5/02248 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0262 ,  H01S5/0264 ,  H01S5/0265 ,  H01S5/0268 ,  H01S5/06256 ,  H01S5/06258 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/06832 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1228 ,  H01S5/2077 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/3408 ,  H01S5/4031 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/2914 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0246 ,  H04J14/025 ,  H04J14/0258 ,  H04J14/0265 ,  H04J14/0276 ,  H04J14/0282

Abstract: A single monolithic transceiver chip for handling optical to electrical to optical conversion of optical WDM signals in an optical transmission network which has an optical WDM signal input for reception of a WDM signal and an optical WDM signal output for transmission of a WDM signal and a plurality of electrical signal outputs and a plurality of electrical signal inputs. The chip further comprises an integrated decombiner coupled to the optical signal input that separates the WDM signal into a plurality of separate optical channel signals, an integrated array of photodetectors that each receives a respective optical channel signal and that converts the optical channel signal into an electrical signal and that provides the converted electrical signals to the electrical signal outputs of the transceiver chip. The transceiver chip also includes an integrated array of laser sources that provide a plurality of optical outputs at different wavelengths, an integrated array of electro-optic modulators that each modulate a respective optical output from a laser source with an electrical signal received from the electrical signal inputs of the chip to provide a plurality of modulated optical channel signals and an integrated optical combiner that receives the modulated optical channel signals and combines them into a single WDM signal that is provided at the optical WDM signal output.

Abstract translation: 一种用于处理光传输网络中的光学至光学转换光学WDM信号的单个单片收发器芯片，其具有用于接收WDM信号的光WDM信号输入和用于WDM信号和多个信号的传输的光WDM信号输出 的电信号输出和多个电信号输入。 芯片还包括耦合到光信号输入的集成解聚器，其将WDM信号分离成多个单独的光信道信号，每个接收相应的光信道信号并且将光信道信号转换成电信号的集成的光电检测器阵列 信号，并且将转换的电信号提供给收发器芯片的电信号输出。 收发器芯片还包括提供不同波长的多个光学输出的激光源的集成阵列，电光调制器的集成阵列，其每个调制来自激光源的相应光学输出与从电信号接收的电信号 芯片的输入以提供多个调制的光信道信号和集成的光合并器，其接收调制的光信道信号并将它们组合成在光WDM信号输出处提供的单个WDM信号。

公开(公告)号：US20050094926A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-05

申请号：US10989969

申请日：2004-11-16

Applicant: Vincent Dominic ,  Fred Kish ,  Radhakrishnan Nagarajan ,  Richard Schneider ,  Charles Joyner

Inventor： Vincent Dominic ,  Fred Kish ,  Radhakrishnan Nagarajan ,  Richard Schneider ,  Charles Joyner

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/017 ,  H01L31/12 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/13 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0625 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/145 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04J14/02

CPC classification number: G02B6/12011 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01R31/31728 ,  G01R31/318511 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/12019 ,  G02B6/12021 ,  G02B6/12023 ,  G02B6/12026 ,  G02B6/12028 ,  G02B6/12033 ,  G02B6/131 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B6/4204 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F2001/0175 ,  G02F2001/01758 ,  G02F2203/69 ,  H01L31/125 ,  H01S5/0014 ,  H01S5/0085 ,  H01S5/02248 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0262 ,  H01S5/0264 ,  H01S5/0265 ,  H01S5/0268 ,  H01S5/06256 ,  H01S5/06258 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/06832 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1228 ,  H01S5/2077 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/3408 ,  H01S5/4031 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/2914 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0246 ,  H04J14/025 ,  H04J14/0258 ,  H04J14/0265 ,  H04J14/0276 ,  H04J14/0282

Abstract: A method of calibrating a monolithic transmitter photonic integrated circuit (TxPIC) chip is disclosed where the chip contains integrated arrays of laser sources and electro-optic modulators forming a plurality of different wavelength signal channels where each laser source on the chip is sequentially selected and tested for the output power and operational wavelength. Calibration data is initially determined by checking an amount of output power of each laser output and any offset of each laser operational wavelength from a desired predetermined value. Then, adjustment of the operational wavelength of each laser source is accomplished to substantially match the desired predetermined value. The laser source output power and operational wavelength may then be rechecked to determine if there is any remaining offset of each laser operational wavelength from the desired predetermined value. If so, the laser source output power can be readjusted to a desired amount and its operational wavelength can be readjusted to the desired predetermined wavelength value. The final calibration data it then stored for future reference as a benchmark in later adjustment of laser source output power and operational wavelength for each laser source on the tested chip when the chip has been installed in the field.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种校准单片发射器光子集成电路（TxPIC）芯片的方法，其中芯片包含激光源的集成阵列和形成多个不同波长信号通道的电光调制器，其中片上的每个激光源被依次选择和测试 用于输出功率和工作波长。 最初通过检查每个激光输出的输出功率的量和每个激光操作波长与期望的预定值的任何偏移来确定校准数据。 然后，实现每个激光源的工作波长的调整，以使其基本匹配所需的预定值。 然后可以重新检查激光源输出功率和操作波长，以确定每个激光操作波长是否存在与期望的预定值的任何剩余偏移。 如果是这样，则可以将激光源输出功率重新调整到期望的量，并将其工作波长重新调整到期望的预定波长值。 最后的校准数据，然后存储在将来参考作为基准，以后调整激光源输出功率和每个激光源在测试芯片上的操作波长，当芯片已经安装在现场。

公开(公告)号：US20050084202A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10961857

申请日：2004-10-08

Applicant: Robert Smith ,  Alan Nilsson

Inventor： Robert Smith ,  Alan Nilsson

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/017 ,  H01L31/12 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/13 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0625 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/145 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04J14/02

CPC classification number: G02B6/12011 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01R31/31728 ,  G01R31/318511 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/12019 ,  G02B6/12021 ,  G02B6/12023 ,  G02B6/12026 ,  G02B6/12028 ,  G02B6/12033 ,  G02B6/131 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B6/4204 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F2001/0175 ,  G02F2001/01758 ,  G02F2203/69 ,  H01L31/125 ,  H01S5/0014 ,  H01S5/0085 ,  H01S5/02248 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0262 ,  H01S5/0264 ,  H01S5/0265 ,  H01S5/0268 ,  H01S5/06256 ,  H01S5/06258 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/06832 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1228 ,  H01S5/2077 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/3408 ,  H01S5/4031 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/2914 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0246 ,  H04J14/025 ,  H04J14/0258 ,  H04J14/0265 ,  H04J14/0276 ,  H04J14/0282

Abstract: A power monitoring and correction to a desired power level of a laser or group of lasers utilizes two photodetectors which are employed to accurately determine the amount of output power from the front end or “customer” end of a laser or a plurality of such lasers. During power detection, which may be accomplished intermittently or continuously, the laser is modulated with a tone of low frequency modulation. One photodetector at the rear of the laser is employed to detect the DC value of the frequency tone, i.e., a value or number representative of the AC peak-to-peak swing, amplitude or modulation depth of the tone. Also, the rear photodetector may be employed to determine the optical modulation index (OMI). In either case, these values may be employed in a closed loop feedback system to adjust or otherwise calibrate the value of the low tone frequency relative to the total desired bias current applied to the laser. A front photodetector is employed to receive a portion of the total output of the laser, or of each laser, and the average output power of the laser, or of each laser, is determined from already knowing the optical modulation index (OMI) via the rear photodetector. Thus, by measuring and/or calibrating the laser OMI with the use of a rear photodetector, the average output power from the front end output can be unambiguously determined from detection of the AC peak-to-peak swing or amplitude of the low frequency tone received via the front photodetector.

Abstract translation: 对激光器或激光器组的期望功率电平的功率监视和校正使用两个光电检测器，其用于准确地确定来自激光器或多个这样的激光器的前端或“客户”端的输出功率的量。 在功率检测期间，可以间歇地或连续地实现，用低频调制调制激光。 采用激光后部的一个光电检测器来检测频率音调的DC值，即代表音调的AC峰 - 峰波动，幅度或调制深度的值或数字。 而且，后方光电检测器可用于确定光调制指数（OMI）。 在这两种情况下，这些值可以用在闭环反馈系统中，以相对于施加到激光器的总期望偏置电流来调节或以其他方式校准低音频率的值。 使用前光电检测器来接收激光器或每个激光器的总输出的一部分，并且通过已经知道光调制指数（OMI）来确定激光器或每个激光器的平均输出功率 后置光电检测器。 因此，通过使用后部光电检测器测量和/或校准激光OMI，可以从检测到AC峰 - 峰摆动或低频音调的幅度来明确地确定来自前端输出的平均输出功率 通过前光电检测器接收。

公开(公告)号：US20050013332A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-20

申请号：US10919161

申请日：2004-08-16

Applicant: Fred Kish ,  Charles Joyner ,  David Welch ,  Robert Taylor ,  Alan Nilsson

Inventor： Fred Kish ,  Charles Joyner ,  David Welch ,  Robert Taylor ,  Alan Nilsson

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/017 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/13 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/024 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/0625 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/227 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/12 ,  H04B10/145 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04J14/02

CPC classification number: G02B6/12033 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/12019 ,  G02B6/12023 ,  G02B6/12026 ,  G02B6/12028 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F2001/0175 ,  G02F2001/01758 ,  H01S5/0085 ,  H01S5/024 ,  H01S5/02415 ,  H01S5/02453 ,  H01S5/02461 ,  H01S5/02476 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0261 ,  H01S5/0264 ,  H01S5/0265 ,  H01S5/0268 ,  H01S5/0425 ,  H01S5/0612 ,  H01S5/06256 ,  H01S5/06258 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S5/0687 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1228 ,  H01S5/2077 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/2214 ,  H01S5/2224 ,  H01S5/227 ,  H01S5/2272 ,  H01S5/2275 ,  H01S5/3408 ,  H01S5/34306 ,  H01S5/4025 ,  H01S5/4031 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/2914 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04B10/506 ,  H04B10/572 ,  H04J14/02

Abstract: A method and apparatus operates an array of laser sources as an integrated array on a single substrate or as integrated in an optical transmitter photonic integrated circuit (TxPIC) maintaining the emission wavelengths of such integrated laser sources at their targeted emission wavelengths or at least to more approximate their desired respective emission wavelengths. Wavelength changing elements may accompany the laser sources to bring about the change in their operational or emission wavelength to be corrected to or toward the desired or target emission wavelength. The wavelength changing elements may be comprise of temperature changing elements, current and voltage changing elements or bandgap changing elements. Identification tags in the form of low frequency tones may be applied relative to respective laser source outputs with a different frequency assigned to each laser source so that each laser can be specifically identified in a feedback control for providing correction signals to the wavelength changing elements to correct for the emission wavelength of respective laser sources.

Abstract translation: 一种方法和装置将激光源阵列作为集成阵列操作在单个基板上或集成在光发射机光子集成电路（TxPIC）中，将这些集成激光源的发射波长保持在其目标发射波长或至少至多 近似其期望的各自的发射波长。 波长变化元件可能伴随着激光源，以使它们的操作或发射波长的变化被校正到目标或目标发射波长。 波长变化元件可以包括温度变化元件，电流和电压变化元件或带隙变化元件。 可以以具有分配给每个激光源的不同频率的相应激光源输出施加低频音调形式的识别标签，使得可以在用于向波长改变元件提供校正信号的反馈控制中具体识别每个激光器以校正 用于各激光源的发射波长。

公开(公告)号：US20030164999A1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-04

申请号：US10234463

申请日：2002-09-05

Applicant: Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha

Inventor： Yasunori Miyazaki

IPC: G02F001/035 ,  G02F001/01

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/01708 ,  G02F2001/0157 ,  G02F2001/01758 ,  G02F2001/01766 ,  G02F2203/25

Abstract: An optical modulator which is capable of lowering the degree of chirping without deteriorating the extinction characteristic. An intermediate layer is interposed between a well layer and an n-side barrier layer and tensile strain is produced in the well layer, whereby a relationship Ew

Abstract translation: 一种光调制器，其能够降低啁啾程度而不降低消光特性。 在阱层和n侧阻挡层之间插入中间层，并且在阱层中产生拉伸应变，从而在势垒层的带隙Eb（eV），阻挡层的带隙Eb（eV）之间建立关系Ew