公开(公告)号：US07174861B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-13

申请号：US10662868

申请日：2003-09-15

申请人： Brian K. Allston ,  John E. Kirwan ,  James M. Haller

发明人： Brian K. Allston ,  John E. Kirwan ,  James M. Haller

IPC分类号： F02D19/06

CPC分类号： F02M1/16 ,  F02M25/10 ,  Y02T10/121

摘要： A combined gasoline and hydrogen fueling system for a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine, including, preferably, a rapid-start catalytic reformer for producing reformate gas containing hydrogen from gasoline. The reformate from the reformer is swept by air into the intake manifold of the cold engine where it is mixed with intake air and then drawn into the cylinders and ignited conventionally to start the engine. A computer-based reformer control system optimizes the amount of reformate formed and the resulting reformate/air mixture. The reformer control system interfaces or is integral with a computer-based gasoline and air supply system for the engine, the two systems cooperating to optimize a mixture of gasoline and reformate in the intake manifold at all times during warming of the engine and its exhaust catalyst to steady-state operating temperature. Preferably, flow of reformate is terminated thereafter.

摘要翻译： 一种用于汽油动力内燃机的组合的汽油和氢燃料系统，优选包括用于从汽油生产含氢的重整气体的快速启动催化重整器。 改性剂的重整产品被空气吹入冷机的进气歧管中，在该进气歧管中与进气混合，然后吸入气缸，并常规点火以启动发动机。 基于计算机的重整器控制系统优化了形成的重整产物和由此产生的重整产物/空气混合物的量。 重整器控制系统与用于发动机的基于计算机的汽油和空气供应系统相结合，这两个系统协调在发动机及其排气催化剂加热期间始终优化进气歧管中的汽油和重整产物的混合物 达到稳态工作温度。 优选地，此后终止重整产物的流动。

公开(公告)号：US07691160B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-06

申请号：US11282232

申请日：2005-11-17

申请人： John E. Kirwan ,  Francois Ravenda

发明人： John E. Kirwan ,  Francois Ravenda

IPC分类号： B01J7/00 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J35/02 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54

CPC分类号： C01B3/386 ,  B01J8/0438 ,  B01J8/0492 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J35/0006 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  B01J2208/00504 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2208/00646 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  B01J2208/00849 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  B01J2219/1923 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  B01J2219/1946 ,  B01J2219/1947 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C01B2203/0255 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/085 ,  C01B2203/1276 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  C01B2203/1614 ,  C01B2203/169 ,  C01B2203/82 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： In one embodiment, a fuel reformer can comprise: a mixing zone capable of mixing a fuel and an oxidant to form a fuel mixture and a reforming zone disposed downstream of the mixing zone. The reforming zone comprises a primary substrate and a secondary substrate. The primary substrate is disposed upstream of the secondary substrate and has a primary thermal mass that is greater than a secondary thermal mass of the secondary substrate. One embodiment of a method for operating a fuel reformer can comprise: mixing an oxidant and a fuel to form a fuel mixture, combusting the fuel mixture, heating the secondary substrate above its light-off temperature, changing an air to fuel ratio of the fuel mixture to a reforming mixture, producing an exotherm and a reformate at the secondary substrate, heating a primary substrate with the exotherm to above its light-off temperature, and producing a reformate.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，燃料重整器可以包括：能够混合燃料和氧化剂以形成燃料混合物的混合区域和设置在混合区域下游的重整区域。 重整区包括初级衬底和次级衬底。 主衬底设置在次级衬底的上游，并且具有大于次级衬底的次级热质量的初级热质量。 用于操作燃料重整器的方法的一个实施例可以包括：将氧化剂和燃料混合以形成燃料混合物，燃烧燃料混合物，将次级基体加热到高于其关闭温度，改变燃料的空气/燃料比 混合物至重整混合物，在二次基材上产生放热和重整产物，将放热的初级基体加热至其起燃温度以上，并制备重整油。

公开(公告)号：US20100040919A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-18

申请号：US12228613

申请日：2008-08-14

申请人： Francois Ravenda ,  Patrick Valente ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Giulio A. Ricci-Ottati

发明人： Francois Ravenda ,  Patrick Valente ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Giulio A. Ricci-Ottati

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/10 ,  B01J8/00

CPC分类号： C01B3/382 ,  B01J19/2485 ,  B01J2219/00117 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  C01B3/386 ,  C01B2203/0244 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/0883 ,  H01M8/0618 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02E60/36

摘要： A catalytic hydrocarbon reformer comprising a catalyst concentrically disposed within a reformer tube surrounded by an annular flow space for air entering a fuel-air mixing zone ahead of the catalyst. The catalyst is sustained by minimal insulative mounting material so that most of the side of the catalyst is exposed for radial radiative heat transfer to the reformer tube for cooling by air in the annular flow space. The forward portion of the mounting material preferably is formed of a thermally-conductive material to provide radial conductive cooling of the entry of the catalyst to prevent overheating during catalysis. The incoming air flow is protected from heat exchange with hot reformate exiting the catalyst, allowing for convective cooling of the catalyst side and greater cooling of the catalyst face, thus increasing the working life of the catalyst while providing for rapid startup of the reformer and associated fuel cell system.

摘要翻译： 一种催化烃重整器，其包括同心地设置在由用于进入催化剂之前的燃料 - 空气混合区域的空气的环形流动空间包围的重整器管内的催化剂。 催化剂由最小的绝缘安装材料维持，使得催化剂的大部分侧面暴露用于径向辐射热传递到重整器管，以便在环形流动空间中由空气冷却。 安装材料的前部优选由导热材料形成，以提供催化剂入口的径向导电冷却，以防止催化过程中的过热。 防止进入的空气流与离开催化剂的热重整物进行热交换，允许催化剂侧的对流冷却和催化剂面的更大的冷却，从而增加催化剂的使用寿命，同时提供重整器的快速启动和相关联的 燃料电池系统。

公开(公告)号：US07409823B2

公开(公告)日：2008-08-12

申请号：US10880424

申请日：2004-06-29

申请人： Kenneth S. Price ,  Joseph V. Bonadies ,  John E. Kirwan ,  David Alexander Goulette

发明人： Kenneth S. Price ,  Joseph V. Bonadies ,  John E. Kirwan ,  David Alexander Goulette

IPC分类号： F01N3/10

CPC分类号： F01N3/0253 ,  B01D53/90 ,  F01N3/0821 ,  F01N3/0842 ,  F01N2240/30 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/03 ,  F01N2610/04 ,  F01N2610/08 ,  F02B1/12 ,  F02B29/04 ,  F02B37/16 ,  F02B37/164 ,  F02M26/05 ,  Y02T10/144 ,  Y02T10/146

摘要： A method and system for introducing supplemental material to an exhaust aftertreatment device, including: a delivery system, an air pump operable to input pressurized air to the delivery system, and a turbosupercharger of an internal combustion engine operable to deliver pressurized air to an inlet of the air pump. The supplemental material introduced to the exhaust aftertreatment device is pressurized by the pressurized air input from the air pump, and the air inlet to the air pump is pressurized by the turbosupercharger for the internal combustion engine. The delivery system uses existing pressurized air generated within the engine system from the turbosupercharger to supplement air pressure supplied to the turbine-style air pump used by the delivery system. The supplemental material may comprise ammonia, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or urea.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将补充材料引入排气后处理装置的方法和系统，包括：输送系统，可操作以将输入加压空气输送到输送系统的空气泵，以及内燃机的涡轮增压器，其可操作以将加压空气输送到 气泵。 引入排气后处理装置的补充材料通过从空气泵输入的加压空气加压，并且通过用于内燃机的涡轮增压器对空气泵的进气加压。 输送系统使用来自涡轮增压器的发动机系统内产生的现有加压空气来补充供给到由输送系统使用的涡轮式气泵的空气压力。 补充材料可以包括氨，氢，一氧化碳或尿素。

公开(公告)号：US20080107937A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-08

申请号：US11593673

申请日：2006-11-07

申请人： Francois Ravenda ,  John E. Kirwan

发明人： Francois Ravenda ,  John E. Kirwan

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  C01B3/26

CPC分类号： C01B3/386 ,  B01J8/0221 ,  B01J2208/00212 ,  B01J2208/00407 ,  B01J2208/00415 ,  B01J2208/00504 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2208/00646 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/085 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  C01B2203/1619 ,  F02M31/18 ,  Y02T10/126

摘要： A catalytic reformer assembly and methods of operation, including fast start-up, are provided. The reformer assembly includes an electrically-conductive metallic vaporizer having a very high surface area. At start-up of the reformer, electric current is passed through the vaporizer to heat the material by resistance heating, providing a high-temperature, high-surface area environment for fuel vaporization. Preferably, the electric current is started a few seconds before starting fuel flow. The fuel is sprayed either onto or through the heated vaporizer, preferably before the fuel is mixed with incoming air to minimize convective cooling by the air and to reduce the pressure drop in the fuel flow. As the reformer warms up, energy from the reforming process heats the vaporizer via radiation and/or conduction such that electric power is needed only during the start-up phase. A control circuit regulates the amount and duration of electric power supplied to the vaporizer.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种催化重整器组件和操作方法，包括快速启动。 重整器组件包括具有非常高的表面积的导电金属蒸发器。 在重整器启动时，电流通过蒸发器，通过电阻加热来加热材料，为燃料蒸发提供高温，高表面积的环境。 优选地，在开始燃料流动之前几秒钟开始电流。 燃料喷射到或通过加热的蒸发器，优选在燃料与进入的空气混合之前喷射，以最小化空气的对流冷却并减少燃料流中的压降。 随着改性剂的加热，来自重整过程的能量通过辐射和/或传导加热蒸发器，使得仅在启动阶段需要电力。 控制电路调节供应到蒸发器的电力的量和持续时间。

公开(公告)号：US06929785B2

公开(公告)日：2005-08-16

申请号：US09782621

申请日：2001-02-13

申请人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  David R. Schumann ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Galen B. Fisher ,  Ather A. Quader

发明人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  David R. Schumann ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Galen B. Fisher ,  Ather A. Quader

IPC分类号： B01J19/00 ,  C01B3/32 ,  C01B3/38 ,  H01M8/06 ,  F28D21/00

CPC分类号： B01J19/0093 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00788 ,  B01J2219/00824 ,  B01J2219/00835 ,  B01J2219/00844 ,  B01J2219/00873 ,  B01J2219/00889 ,  B01J2219/0095 ,  C01B3/323 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0816 ,  C01B2203/085 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  Y02P20/129

摘要： An apparatus and method for a preheated micro-reformer system is disclosed comprising a reformer and a micro-reformer in fluid communication with the reformer. The micro-reformer being electrically preheatable. An apparatus comprising a micro-reformer including a first zone and a second zone, the first zone being preheatable to a first temperature and the second zone being preheatable to a second temperature, the second temperature being higher than the first temperature.A method of using a micro-reformer that is electrically preheatable is disclosed comprising initiating an electrically preheatable micro-reformer. The micro-reformer is preheated. The preheating can be accomplished by converting electrical energy into thermal energy. A method of using a preheated micro-reformer is disclosed comprising preheating a first zone, preheating a second zone to a temperature higher than the first zone, vaporizing a fuel air mixture in the first zone, and reforming the fuel air mixture in the second zone.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于预热微型重整器系统的装置和方法，其包括与重整器流体连通的重整器和微型重整器。 微型重整器可电预热。 一种包括微型重整器的装置，包括第一区域和第二区域，第一区域可预热至第一温度，第二区域可预热至第二温度，第二温度高于第一温度。 公开了一种使用可电预热的微型重整器的方法，其包括引发电可预热的微型重整器。 微型重整器预热。 预热可以通过将电能转化为热能来实现。 公开了一种使用预热的微型重整器的方法，其包括将第一区域预热，将第二区域预热至高于第一区域的温度，蒸发第一区域中的燃料空气混合物，以及使第二区域中的燃料空气混合物重整 。

公开(公告)号：US06655130B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09702992

申请日：2000-10-30

申请人： John E. Kirwan ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Ather A. Quader

发明人： John E. Kirwan ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Ather A. Quader

IPC分类号： F01N300

CPC分类号： C01B3/36 ,  C01B2203/025 ,  F01N3/2006 ,  F01N3/2033 ,  F01N3/206 ,  F01N2240/28 ,  F01N2240/30 ,  F01N2610/04 ,  Y02A50/2322 ,  Y02T10/26 ,  Y10S123/12

摘要： An integrated fuel reformer-engine system and method provides an on-board fuel reformer for preparing a hydrogen-rich reformate; an engine operating on one or a combination of reformate and liquid fuel, in combination with an exhaust catalyst for treating engine exhaust. The supply of air, reformate, and liquid fuel to the engine and exhaust catalyst is metered so as to provide low hydrocarbon and NOx emissions over a range of operating conditions from cold-start and idle through vehicle road-loads. In one embodiment, the system provides near-zero cold start hydrocarbon and NOx emissions with ultra-lean start using substantially 100% reformate fueling. In another embodiment, accelerated catalyst heating is provided by supplying reformate mixed with engine exhaust to the catalyst. Alternately, an ignition source is employed to ignite the engine exhaust or reformate-exhaust mixture. In another embodiment, the present system provides ultra-low NOx emissions at light and mid loads using extreme dilution and partial reformate fueling.

公开(公告)号：US08658013B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-25

申请号：US11292179

申请日：2005-12-01

申请人： Da Yu Wang ,  Walter Thomas Symons ,  Robert Jerome Farhat ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Joachim Kupe ,  Kenneth D. Mowery

发明人： Da Yu Wang ,  Walter Thomas Symons ,  Robert Jerome Farhat ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Joachim Kupe ,  Kenneth D. Mowery

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/41

CPC分类号： G01N27/419 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/0618

摘要： A sensor includes an oxygen pump cell; an oxygen pump chamber; an emf cell; a reference chamber providing a fluid connection to the reference gas; gas channels in fluid communication with the pump and emf electrodes, the reference gas comprising reformate produced by a fuel reformer fueled by an air-fuel gas mixture having an air-fuel ratio; a reformer electronic control module; a sensor electronic control module; a heater; a temperature sensor disposed in communication with the heater and the sensor control module for maintaining the sensor at a desired operating temperature; a closed loop controlled operation amplifier in electrical communication with the sensor, whereby the oxygen pump cell provides sufficient oxygen ions to oxidize an incoming diffusion-limiting fuel flux to the emf cell and maintain a constant emf at the emf cell, and wherein a current value represents an equivalent to the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel gas mixture.

摘要翻译： 传感器包括氧气泵电池; 氧气泵室; 电磁场; 提供与参考气体的流体连接的参考室; 与泵和emf电极流体连通的气体通道，所述参考气体包括由具有空燃比的空气 - 燃料气体混合物燃料的燃料重整器产生的重整产物; 重整器电子控制模块; 传感器电子控制模块; 加热器 与所述加热器和所述传感器控制模块连通的温度传感器，用于将所述传感器保持在期望的工作温度; 与所述传感器电连通的闭环控制运算放大器，由此所述氧泵单元提供足够的氧离子以将进入的扩散限制性燃料通量氧化到所述电磁室并且在所述电磁场处保持恒定的电动势，并且其中电流值 表示空气 - 燃料气体混合物的空燃比。

公开(公告)号：US08037674B2

公开(公告)日：2011-10-18

申请号：US10541654

申请日：2004-02-11

申请人： Joachim Kupe ,  James Zizelman ,  Jean J. Botti ,  Haskell Simpkins ,  Mark D. Hemingway ,  William J. LaBarge ,  Thomas W. Silvis ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Joseph V. Bonadies ,  Kenneth Price

发明人： Joachim Kupe ,  James Zizelman ,  Jean J. Botti ,  Haskell Simpkins ,  Mark D. Hemingway ,  William J. LaBarge ,  Thomas W. Silvis ,  John E. Kirwan ,  Joseph V. Bonadies ,  Kenneth Price

IPC分类号： F01N3/00

CPC分类号： F01N3/2066 ,  B01D53/9431 ,  B01D2255/206 ,  F01N3/0231 ,  F01N3/035 ,  F01N3/0814 ,  F01N3/0821 ,  F01N3/0828 ,  F01N3/0842 ,  F01N3/0878 ,  F01N3/206 ,  F01N13/009 ,  F01N13/0093 ,  F01N13/011 ,  F01N2240/02 ,  F01N2240/25 ,  F01N2240/28 ,  F01N2240/30 ,  F01N2410/04 ,  F01N2570/18 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/04 ,  Y02A50/2325 ,  Y02T10/24

摘要： A NOX abatement system includes a first NOX adsorber capable of being disposed in-line and downstream of and in fluid communication with an engine. The NOX abatement system further includes a selective catalytic reduction catalyst disposed in-line and downstream of, and in direct fluid communication with, the first NOX adsorber. The selective catalytic reduction catalyst is capable of storing ammonia. An off-line reformer is disposed in selective communication with and upstream of the first NOX adsorber and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The reformer is capable of producing a reformate that includes primarily hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

摘要翻译： NOX消除系统包括能够与发动机在线并且与发动机下游并与其流体连通的第一NOX吸附器。 NOX减排系统还包括与第一NOX吸附器在一起并与之直接流体连通的选择性催化还原催化剂。 选择性催化还原催化剂能够储存氨。 离线重整器与第一NO x吸附器和选择性催化还原催化剂选择性地连通和上游排列。 改性剂能够生产主要包含氢和一氧化碳的重整产物。

公开(公告)号：US07435275B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US11203059

申请日：2005-08-11

申请人： Haskell Simpkins ,  Joseph V. Bonadies ,  David A. Goulette ,  Kenneth S. Price ,  John E. Kirwan

发明人： Haskell Simpkins ,  Joseph V. Bonadies ,  David A. Goulette ,  Kenneth S. Price ,  John E. Kirwan

IPC分类号： C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54 ,  B01D50/00 ,  B01D53/34 ,  F01N3/00 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F23J11/00 ,  G05B1/00

CPC分类号： C01B3/34 ,  B01D53/9445 ,  C01B3/50 ,  C01B2203/0227 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/0465 ,  C01B2203/0485 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/0618 ,  Y02T10/22

摘要： In one embodiment, a method of heating an exhaust treatment device can comprise: generating reformate in a reformer, wherein the reformate comprises hydrogen; introducing oxygen to the reformate prior to combining the reformate with another stream; combusting a portion of the reformate and generating an exotherm to form heated reformate; and introducing the heated reformate to the exhaust treatment device. In one embodiment the exhaust system can comprise: a reformer; a reformate conduit disposed in physical communication with a reformate outlet of the reformer; an exhaust treatment device disposed in fluid communication with the reformer; and an oxygen supply disposed in fluid communication with the reformate conduit such that oxygen can be introduced into the reformate conduit upstream of a reformate conduit outlet, wherein the reformate conduit outlet is disposed in physical communication with an exhaust conduit and/or the exhaust treatment device.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，加热排气处理装置的方法可包括：在重整器中产生重整产物，其中重整产物包含氢气; 在将重整产物与另一流合并之前，将氧气引入重整产物; 燃烧一部分重整产物并产生放热以形成加热的重整产物; 并将加热的重整产物引入排气处理装置。 在一个实施例中，排气系统可以包括：重整器; 与重整器的重整产品物理连通地设置的重整管道; 设置成与所述重整器流体连通的排气处理装置; 以及设置成与重整产品导管流体连通的氧供应，使得氧可以被引入重整产品导管出口上游的重整产品导管，其中重整产品导管出口设置成与排气导管和/或排气处理装置物理连通 。