摘要:
A lead-free multilayer material for plain bearings and a process for the production of corresponding bearing shells for improved emergency running and mechanical load-carrying capacity characteristics. The multilayer bearing material comprises a lead-free copper alloy having a copper content ranging from 50 to 95 wt. %, and an overlay formed of a lead-free tin and copper having a tin content ranging from 70 to 97 wt. % and a copper content ranging from 3 to 20 wt. %.
摘要:
A lead-free multilayer material for plain bearings and a process for the production of corresponding bearing shells for improved emergency running and mechanical load-carrying capacity characteristics. The multilayer bearing material comprises a lead-free copper alloy having a copper content ranging from 50 to 95 wt. %, and an overlay formed of a lead-free tin and copper having a tin content ranging from 70 to 97 wt. % and a copper content ranging from 3 to 20 wt. %.
摘要:
A composite material for plain bearings comprises a backing layer, a bearing metal layer consisting of a copper alloy with a copper content of from 50 to 95 wt. % or an aluminum alloy with an aluminum content of from 60 to 95 wt. %, a diffusion barrier layer and an overlay, applied by electroplating, consisting of a lead-free, tin and copper-containing alloy. The invention provides a composite multilayer material whose overlay, applied by electroplating, does not exhibit any embrittlement even at relatively high temperatures, irrespective of the copper content. The overlay preferably comprises from 8 to 30 wt. % copper, 60 to 97 wt. % tin and 0.5-19 wt. % cobalt.
摘要:
A composite multilayer material is described, which exhibits a relatively high specific load carrying capacity and relatively low wear. The composite multilayer material for plain bearings comprises a backing layer, a bearing metallayer (1), a first intermediate layer (2) of nickel, a second intermediate layer (3) of tin and nickel together with an overlay (4) consisting of copper and tin. The overlay (4) comprises a tin matrix (5), into which tin-copper particles (6) are incorporated, which consist of 39 to 55 wt. % copper, the rest being tin. At high temperatures, as occur in the case of plain bearings used in internal combustion engines, the tin migrates into the second intermediate layer (3) therebelow, resulting in concentration of the tin-copper particles (6).
摘要:
The invention concerns a method of producing layered materials for sliding bearings and an electroplating bath for carrying out this method. According to the method, an electroplating bath with a non-ionic wetting agent and a benzene derivative is used for depositing a binary layer on a bronze layer on which the lead- or tin-based binary layer and a molybdenum-based initial layer are deposited galvanically in succession. When the binary layer has been deposited and before the initial layer is deposited, at least one surface layer of the binary layer is anodically activated. The layered material comprises a steel support shell (1) and a cast leaded bronze (2) to which an intermediate layer (13) is applied galvanically. When the layer (3) has been applied galvanically, the surface region (5) is altered by anodic activation, whereupon the molybdenum oxide layer (4) is applied galvanically.
摘要:
A sliding element has a bearing metallic layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy which bears on its side facing the sliding surface a galvanically produced tin layer bonded to the bearing metallic layer by a very thin alkaline, halogen-free layer of zinc, copper, nickel and iron immersion deposited on the bearing metallic layer. To produce such sliding element, a highly-alkaline immersion bath is used containing salts of zinc, nickel, copper and iron mainly cyanide-based. After the immersion treatment, the sliding element blank is rinsed with considerably carbonic acid-free deionized water. During a first tinning step, the sliding element is treated in a bath at a temperature between 20.degree. and 26.degree. C. with a current intensity from 2 to 3 amperes/dm.sup.2 and for a duration of exposure of at least one minute.
摘要:
A multilayer material is described, whose overlay exhibits improved hardness and improved wear-resistance. The multilayer material includes an overlay, which contains 8-18.5 wt. % tin and 2-16 wt. % copper, the balance being lead, wherein the tin is present as a finely crystalline deposit completely homogeneously distributed in the lead. A process for producing sliding elements in which the overlay of lead-tin-copper is applied to the prefabricated semi-finished product by electroplating provides that a ternary, fluoroborate-free electroplating bath is used without brighteners and with the addition of fatty acid polyglycol ester and a grain refining agent including a carboxylic acid.
摘要:
A multilayer material is described, whose overlay exhibits improved hardness and improved wear-resistance. The multilayer material includes an overlay, which contains 8-18.5 wt. % tin and 2-16 wt. % copper, the balance being lead, wherein the tin is present as a finely crystalline deposit completely homogeneously distributed in the lead. A process for producing sliding elements in which the overlay of lead-tin-copper is applied to the prefabricated semi-finished product by electroplating provides that a ternary, fluoroborate-free electroplating bath is used without brighteners and with the addition of fatty acid polyglycol ester and a grain refining agent including a carboxylic acid.