摘要:
Novel optical compensation films are disclosed. One embodiment of the films is an optical compensation film wherein d satisfies the equation of d=−0.0115×Rth+3.0 d (μm) or is within the range of ±10% thereof, in which d (μm) is a thickness of the optically anisotropic layer and Rth (nm) is the retardation of only the transparent support in the thickness direction. Another embodiment of the films is an optical compensation film wherein a (deg.) and b (deg.) are within the ranges of 20≦a≦80 and 20≦b≦80, and satisfy the relation of − 5/9×a+45≦b≦− 5/9×a+110, in which a (deg.) is an average of tilt angles of the major axes (the discotic planes) of the discotic compound molecules at an interface between the optically anisotropic layer and the transparent support, and b (deg.) is an average of tilt angles of the major axes (the discotic planes) of the discotic compound molecules at an air interface on the side of a liquid crystal cell.
摘要:
A cleaning sheet (1A) of the invention includes: a substrate sheet (2); and at least one long-fiber bundle (3) disposed on at least one side of the substrate sheet (2) and made by aggregating long fibers (31) oriented in substantially one direction. The long-fiber bundle (3) is formed by joining the long fibers (31) together with a fiber-joining section (32) extending linearly in a direction orthogonal to the orientation direction of the long fibers (31). The cleaning sheet (1A) is formed by joining the thus-formed long-fiber bundle (3) to the substrate sheet (2) by at least one sheet-joining section (21). The cleaning sheet (1A) is formed such that the entire fiber-joining section (32) or at least a portion of the fiber-joining section (32) is not joined to the substrate sheet (2) and the sheet-joining section (21) is in perpendicular contact with the fiber-joining section (32).
摘要:
A laminate (6) is prepared by superposing a fibrous web (1a), (1b) containing fibers comprising polyethylene terephthalate on one side or both sides of a net-form sheet (4); water needling the fibrous web (1a), (1b) to entangle the fibers of the fibrous web (1a), (1b) with each other, and also to entangle the fibers of the fibrous web (1a), (1b) with the net-form sheet (4); and then, blowing hot air having a temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg (° C.)) of the polyethylene terephthalate and below “Tg (° C.)+70° C.” to the laminate (6) by through-air technique. Preferably, after preparing the laminate (6) by entangling the fibers of the fibrous web(s) (1a), (1b) with the net-form sheet (4), the laminate (6) is dried with hot air; and then hot air is blown to the laminate (6) by through-air technique.
摘要:
A cleaning sheet (1A) of the invention includes: a substrate sheet (2); and at least one long-fiber bundle (3) disposed on at least one side of the substrate sheet (2) and made by aggregating long fibers (31) oriented in substantially one direction. The long-fiber bundle (3) is formed by joining the long fibers (31) together with a fiber-joining section (32) extending linearly in a direction orthogonal to the orientation direction of the long fibers (31). The cleaning sheet (1A) is formed by joining the thus-formed long-fiber bundle (3) to the substrate sheet (2) by at least one sheet-joining section (21). The cleaning sheet (1A) is formed such that the entire fiber-joining section (32) or at least a portion of the fiber-joining section (32) is not joined to the substrate sheet (2) and the sheet-joining section (21) is in perpendicular contact with the fiber-joining section (32).
摘要:
An engine valve control device is applied to an engine valve control mechanism having a VVT (valve timing adjusting device), an OCV (control valve) that controls a flow of hydraulic oil supplied to the VVT, and an electromagnetic solenoid that controls an operation of the OCV according to a control duty (control command value). The engine valve control device calculates the control duty based on a holding duty, which occurs when an actual phase does not change but is held, and feedback correction values. The engine valve control device corrects the value of the holding duty in accordance with a steady-state deviation between the actual phase and a target phase to perform learning for storing and updating the holding duty value. If temperature of the hydraulic oil is low, the learning is prohibited even when the steady-state deviation is occurring.
摘要:
A VVT has a movable restriction member and a restriction slot. When the restriction member is in a projected position, the VVT is variable in a restricted range to which the restriction member can be rotatable within the restriction slot. When the restriction member is in a retracted position, the VVT is variable in a range wider than the restricted range. When a condition where the restriction member shall be projected is satisfied, if the variable range of the VVT reaches beyond the restricted range, the device determines that the restriction member is stuck at the retracted position. When a condition where the restriction member shall be retracted is satisfied, if the variable range of the VVT is restricted in the restricted range, the device determines that the restriction member is stuck at the projected position.
摘要:
A variable valve timing control apparatus adjusts the rotation phase (VCT phase) of an engine camshaft by selectively supplying oil to an advancement chamber and a retardation chamber, and includes a lock pin which is controlled for being moveable to a first position, in which the rotation phase is adjustable, and a second position, in which the camshaft is locked at a specific rotation phase. When the lock pin is displaced from the first position, oil becomes enabled to pass between the advancement chamber and retardation chamber, to thereby enabling the rotation phase to be changed to the specific rotation phase by supplying oil to an appropriate one of the advancement chamber and a retardation chamber, for initiating locking.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized developing apparatus which well supplies the developer, does not cause the image degradation for a long term. The developing apparatus comprises a developer containing chamber, a developer supply chamber and developing means which is disposed in said developer supply chamber and develops an electrostatic latent image, a boundary wall which is disposed between said developer containing chamber and said developer supply chamber and has a first and a second opening, and an opening and closing member for opening and closing said first opening. The single component developer is supplied through said second opening into the developer supply chamber. The opening and closing member opens and closes, in response to the toner quantity supplied into the toner supply chamber and allows said single component developer to move in only one direction from said developer supply chamber to said developer containing chamber.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus is provided with a photoconductor to have an electrostatic latent image formed thereon, a developing device for developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner, a toner replenishing device for replenishing the toner into the developing device, and a controller for controlling an image developing operation by the developing device and a toner replenishing operation by the toner replenishing device. The controller executes a non-replenishment mode for causing the developing device to perform image development without being replenished with the toner from the toner replenishing device, a discharge mode, following the non-replenishment mode, for discharging the toner remaining in the developing device and a refill mode, following the discharge mode, for refilling the toner into the developing device by the toner replenishing device.
摘要:
The invention provides processes for bonding a flip chip to a substrate in a manner that maximizes reliability of the bonding operation. Electrically conductive polymer bumps are formed on bond pads of a flip chip and the flip chip polymer bumps are at least partially hardened. Electrically conductive polymer bumps are formed on bond pads of a substrate, and a layer of electrically insulating adhesive paste is then applied on the substrate, covering the substrate polymer bumps with the adhesive. The bond pads of the flip chip are then aligned with the bond pads of the substrate and the at least partially hardened flip chip polymer bumps are then pushed through the substrate adhesive and at least partially into the substrate polymer bumps. In a further method, electrically conductive polymer bumps are formed on bond pads of a flip chip and the flip chip polymer bumps are at least partially hardened. A layer of electrically insulating adhesive paste is formed on a substrate having bond pads, covering the bond pads with the adhesive. The bond pads of the flip chip are aligned with the bond pads of the substrate, and then the at least partially hardened flip chip polymer bumps are pushed through the substrate adhesive with pressure sufficient for the flip chip polymer bumps to directly contact and deform the substrate bond pads.