摘要:
A method and device for controlling an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus, which can be operated as a hemodialysis apparatus, hemofiltration apparatus or hemodiafiltration apparatus, are disclosed. The method and device make provision, apart from balancing the fluids as a function of the weights of the containers, for the measurement of the weight reduction or increase of at least one of the containers in the time interval in which the pump assigned to the respective container performs a preset number of revolutions or pump strokes. The change in the weight of the container for a half or one pump revolution can be determined. The delivery rate of the respective pump is ascertained from the measured weight reduction or increase in the specific time interval, thereby permitting the precise determination of the actual delivery rate of one or more pumps. The actual delivery rates of all the pumps are preferably monitored.
摘要:
A wafer suitable for epitaxial growth of gallium nitride (GaN) in a Metal Oxide Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) process. The wafer includes a silicon substrate having a front side and a back side and an edge extending between the front side and the back side, the edge including a front bevel surface connected to the front side and a back bevel surface connected to the back side, wherein the silicon substrate comprises an oxygen denuded silicon layer surrounding a core. The wafer further includes a protection layer being a thermally grown silicon oxide (SiO2) layer substantially covering the front bevel surface and the back bevel surface of the edge, while leaving at least a central region of the front side of the silicon substrate exposed, for preventing meltback during the MOCVD process.
摘要:
The invention relates to water-soluble or water-swellable polymers the repeating structural units of which consist of a) 90.0 to 99.99 mole-% of one or more repeating structural units originating from special monomers with sulfonic acid groups or the salts thereof such as for example 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid or the salts thereof and b) 0.01 to 10.0 mole-% of one or more repeating structural units originating from special cross-linking agents with at least three polymerizable double bonds. The polymers for example have an advantageous sensory property profile and are highly suitable as thickening agents even in salt-containing compositions. They are furthermore advantageously suitable for producing cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions.
摘要:
The invention relates to water-soluble or water-swellable polymers that contain a) 20.0 to 98.97 mole-% of one or more repeating structural units originating from special monomers with sulfonic acid groups or the salts thereof such as e.g. 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid or the salts thereof, b) 1.0 to 60.0 mole-% of one or more repeating structural units containing an amide group and d) 0.01 to 8.0 mole-% of one or more repeating structural units originating from special crosslinking agents with at least three polymerizable double bonds. The polymers for example have an advantageous sensory property profile and are highly suitable as thickening agents even in salt-containing compositions. They are furthermore advantageously suitable for producing cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the production of polymers, comprising one or more of the recurring structural units of formula (1), where R1 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, A is C1-C8-alkylene, Q+ is H+, NH4+, Na+, K+, ½ Mg++, ½ Ca++, or ½ Zn++, and where Q+ has a different meaning than H+ or NH4+ in 50 to 100 mol % of the structural units of formula (1), and one or more structural units derived from one or more further monomers, characterized in that the corresponding salts of said polymers are suspended in an organic suspension, where however the cations Q+ in the structural units of the formula (1) are NH4+ and optionally also H+, and an ion exchange is carried out by adding one or more bases comprising Na+, K+, Mg++, Ca++, or Zn++ ions.
摘要:
A method for depositing a seed layer for a controllable electric pathway on a substrate includes selectively dispensing a seed material from an inkjet material dispenser onto said substrate.
摘要:
A variator for ratio adjustment of a continuously variable chain drive transmission having one variator shaft (1) and one variator pulley (2) supported upon the variator shaft (1) and axially movable by pressurizing a variator pressure chamber (31). The variator shaft (1) has on one end an axial hole (10) through which the variator pressure chamber (31) and a second pressure chamber (8) can be loaded with pressure independent of each other. The pressure is supplied to the variator pressure chamber (31) via a first section (13) of the axial hole (10) and the pressure is supplied to the second pressure chamber (8) via a non-rotating pipe (7) and a second section (15) of the axial hole (10), the pipe (7) is situated within the first hole section (13). It is proposed that the pipe (7) has two axially adjacently disposed sealing rings (73) for reciprocal dynamic sealing of the pressure supplies to the variator pressure chamber (31) and to the second pressure chamber (8) and that the variator shaft (1) has a vent hole (9) discharging, on one side between the two sealing rings (73) and on the other side in a transmission inner space (94).
摘要:
Water-soluble or water-swellable polymers are described, containing a) 20.0 to 98.99 mole percent of one or more independently recurring structural units of the formula (1) and b) 1.0 to 79.99 mole percent of one or more independently recurring structural units of the formula (2), and c) 0.01 to 8.0 mole percent of one or more independently recurring cross-linking structural units, which are obtained from one or more monomers having at least two olefinic double bonds. The polymers are suitable, for example, as thickeners or yield point formers, in particular in cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions.
摘要:
A transmission device has at least one electro-hydraulic transmission control unit and a method of operating the transmission device having a plurality of gear wheel that can be engaged and disengaged from a force flow by fluidically actuated shifting elements. A piston space of a first shifting element, delimited by a second functional surface of the actuating piston of the first shifting element, is made separate from a piston space of a second shifting element, delimited by the first functional surface of the actuating piston, and an area of the second shifting element, that carries an actuating pressure, or an area of the first shifting element, that carries an actuating pressure, is, or can be, connected to the piston space delimited by the second functional surface of the actuating piston of the first shifting element.
摘要:
A transmission device (1) with a hydraulic system (4) comprising a main transmission pump device for supplying various transmission components with hydraulic fluid. The main transmission pump device is driven by torque applied to the transmission input shaft (2). A force flow between the transmission input shaft (2) and transmission output shaft (3) is produced by various hydraulically actuated transmission components. When the hydraulic system (4) is not supplied by the main transmission pump, the force flow is interrupted. The hydraulic system (4) has an auxiliary pump device (5) by virtue of which the hydraulic system (4) too can be supplied with hydraulic fluid. The auxiliary pump device (5) is driven by torque applied to the transmission output shaft (3) at least when the force flow is interrupted.