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    Cobalt-substituted chromium oxide compositions, their preparation, and their use as catalysts and catalyst precursors
    1.
    发明申请
    Cobalt-substituted chromium oxide compositions, their preparation, and their use as catalysts and catalyst precursors 有权
    钴取代的氧化铬组合物，它们的制备及其作为催化剂和催化剂前体的用途

    公开(公告)号：US20050228202A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-10-13

    申请号：US10523228

    申请日：2003-08-21

    申请人： Mario Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Rao ,  H. Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Subramanian ,  Allen Sievert

    发明人： Mario Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Rao ,  H. Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Subramanian ,  Allen Sievert

    IPC分类号： C01G37/02 ,  B01J23/26 ,  B01J23/86 ,  B01J27/06 ,  B01J27/132 ,  B01J35/00 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J37/02 ,  B01J37/03 ,  C07B39/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/08 ,  C07C17/10 ,  C07C17/20 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C17/358 ,  C07C17/37 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C07C21/18

    CPC分类号： C07C17/21 ,  B01J23/864 ,  B01J35/002 ,  B01J35/1014 ,  B01J37/0236 ,  B01J37/03 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/08 ,  C07C17/10 ,  C07C17/20 ,  C07C17/206 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C17/358 ,  C07C17/37 ,  C07C21/18 ,  C07C21/04 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C07C21/06 ,  C07C19/12 ,  C07C19/10

    摘要： A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co+3) atoms is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method involves (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble cobalt salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution and has a cobalt concentration of from about 0.05 mole % to about 6 mole % of the total concentration of cobalt and chromium in the solution; and after at least three moles E of ammonium per mole of chromium in the solution has been added to the solution, (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种结晶α-Cr氧化物，其中α-Cr氧化物晶格中约0.05原子％至约6原子％的铬原子被三价钴（Co + O 3+）原子所取代。 还公开了含铬催化剂组合物，其包含结晶钴取代的α-氧化铬作为含铬组分; 以及制备包含结晶钴取代的α-氧化铬的组合物的方法。 该方法包括（a）通过向可溶性钴盐和可溶性三价铬盐的水溶液中加入氢氧化铵共沉淀固体，该溶液在溶液中每摩尔铬含有至少三摩尔硝酸盐，并且具有钴浓度 为溶液中钴和铬的总浓度的约0.05摩尔％至约6摩尔％ 并且在溶液中每摩尔铬至少三摩尔E之后的铵加入到溶液中，（b）收集（a）中形成的共沉淀固体; （c）干燥收集的固体; 和（d）煅烧干燥的固体。 还公开了一种含铬催化剂组合物，其包含通过用氟化剂处理结晶钴取代的α-氧化铬制备的含铬组分; 以及在催化剂存在下改变烃或卤代烃中的氟分布（即含量和/或排列）的方法。 该方法包括使用包含结晶钴取代的α-氧化铬和/或经处理的钴取代的α-氧化铬的组合物作为催化剂。

    Process for the preparation of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane
    2.
    发明申请
    Process for the preparation of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane 失效
    制备1,1,1,2,2-五氟乙烷的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20060004235A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

    申请号：US10523227

    申请日：2003-08-21

    申请人： Mario Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Rao ,  H. Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Subramanian ,  Allen Sievert

    发明人： Mario Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Rao ,  H. Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Subramanian ,  Allen Sievert

    IPC分类号： C07C17/087

    CPC分类号： C07C17/206 ,  B01J23/864 ,  B01J35/002 ,  B01J37/0236 ,  B01J37/03 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/21 ,  Y02P20/582 ,  C07C19/08

    摘要： A process for the preparation of pentafluoroethane is disclosed which involves contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one one starting material selected from haloethanes of the formula CX3191CHX2 and haloethenes of the formula CX2═CX2, where each X is independently selected from the group consisting of F and Cl (provided that no more than four of X are F), with a fluorination catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising HF, HCl, pentafluoroethane, underfluorinated halogenated hydrocarbon intermediates and less than 0.2 mole percent chloropentafluoroethane based on the total moles of halogenated hydrocarbons in the product mixture. The process is characterized by the fluorination catalyst comprising (i) a crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co3) and/or (ii) a fluorinated crystalline oxide of (i).

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备五氟乙烷的方法，其涉及将包含氟化氢和至少一种选自式CX 3 191 CHX 2 2的卤代乙烷的起始材料和卤代乙烯 其中每个X独立地选自F和Cl（条件是X中不大于4个为F），其中X为C 1 -C 6烷基， 与反应区中的氟化催化剂反应以产生基于产物混合物中卤代烃总摩尔数的HF，HCl，五氟乙烷，过氟化卤代烃中间体和小于0.2摩尔％氯五氟乙烷的产物混合物。 该方法的特征在于氟化催化剂，其包含（i）结晶钴取代的α-氧化铬，其中α-氧化铬晶格中约0.05原子％至约6原子％的铬原子被三价钴（Co （i）的氟化结晶氧化物和/或（ⅱ）（ⅰ）的氟化结晶氧化物。

    Processes for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropene and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane
    3.
    发明申请
    Processes for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropene and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane 失效
    制备2-氯-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷，六氟丙烯和1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050222471A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-10-06

    申请号：US10523223

    申请日：2003-08-21

    申请人： Mario Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Rao ,  H. Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Subramanian ,  Allen sievert

    发明人： Mario Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Rao ,  H. Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Subramanian ,  Allen sievert

    IPC分类号： B01J27/132 ,  B01J23/26 ,  B01J23/86 ,  B01J35/00 ,  B01J37/02 ,  B01J37/03 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C17/04 ,  C07C17/08 ,  C07C17/087 ,  C07C17/20 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C07C19/10 ,  C07C21/18

    CPC分类号： C07C19/08 ,  B01J23/26 ,  B01J23/866 ,  B01J35/002 ,  B01J37/0236 ,  B01J37/03 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/206 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C19/10 ,  C07C21/18

    摘要： A process for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is disclosed which involves (a) contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one starting material selected from the group consisting of halopropenes of the formula CX3CCl═CX2 and halopropanes of the formula the CX3CClYCX3, wherein each X is independently F or Cl, and Y is H, Cl or F (provided that the number of X and Y which are F totals no more than six) with a chlorofluorination catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising CF3CClFCF3, HCl, HF, and underfluorinated halogenated hydrocarbon intermediates. The process is characterized by said chlorofluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by nickel, trivalent cobalt or both nickel and trivalent cobalt, provided that no more than 2 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by nickel and that the total amount of chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice that are replaced by nickel and trivalent cobalt is no more than 6 atom %, and (ii) a fluorinated crystalline oxide of (i). Also disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a mixture of HFC-227ea and hexafluoropropene by reacting a starting mixture comprising CFC-217ba and hydrogen in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature, optionally in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. This process involves preparing the CFC-217ba by the process described above.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备2-氯-1,1,1,3,3,3-七氟丙烷的方法，其涉及（a）使包含氟化氢，氯和至少一种起始原料的混合物接触，所述起始材料选自 式CX 3 CCl-CX 2的卤代丙烯和下式的卤代丙烷CX 3 CClYCX 3 N， 其中每个X独立地为F或Cl，并且Y为H，Cl或F（条件是X和Y的总数不超过6的F数）与反应区中的氯氟化催化剂反应生成包含CF的产物混合物 3 CClFCF 3，HCl，HF和过氟化卤代烃中间体。 该方法的特征在于所述氯氟化催化剂包含至少一种含铬组分，其选自（i）α-氧化铬晶格中至少0.05原子％的铬原子被镍取代的结晶α-氧化铬，三价 钴或镍和三价钴，条件是α-铬氧化物晶格中不超过2原子％的铬原子被镍代替，并且α-氧化铬晶格中的铬原子的总量被 镍和三价钴不超过6原子％，和（ii）（i）的氟化结晶氧化物。 还公开了通过在升高的温度下，任选地在氢化催化剂存在下，使包含CFC-217ba和氢的起始混合物在气相中反应制备HFC-227ea和六氟丙烯的混合物的方法。 该方法包括通过上述方法制备CFC-217ba。

    High performance thermoelectric materials and their method of preparation
    6.
    发明申请
    High performance thermoelectric materials and their method of preparation 有权
    高性能热电材料及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050229963A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-10-20

    申请号：US11106243

    申请日：2005-04-14

    申请人： Tao He ,  James Krajewski ,  Munirpallam Subramanian

    发明人： Tao He ,  James Krajewski ,  Munirpallam Subramanian

    IPC分类号： B01J23/00 ,  C01G51/00 ,  H01L35/12 ,  H01L35/18

    CPC分类号： C01G51/006 ,  C01P2002/52 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2002/76 ,  C01P2002/77 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  H01L35/18

    摘要： The present invention provides an indium-doped CO4Sb12 skutterudite composition in which some Co on the cubic lattice structure may be replaced with one or more members of the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt; some Sb on the planar rings may be replaced by one or more members of the group consisting of Si, Ga, Ge and Sn; and a second dopant atom is selected from a member of the group consisting of Ca, Sc, Zn, Sr, Y, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. The composition is useful as a thermoelectric material. In preferred embodiments, the composition has a figure of merit greater than 1.0. The present invention also provides a process for the production of the composition, and thermoelectric devices using the composition.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种铟掺杂的SO 4 S 12 12方钴矿组合物，其中立方晶格结构上的一些Co可以被一个或多个由 Fe，Ni，Ru，Rh，Pd，Ir和Pt; 平面环上的一些Sb可以由Si，Ga，Ge和Sn组成的组中的一个或多个成员代替; 并且第二掺杂剂原子选自Ca，Sc，Zn，Sr，Y，Pd，Ag，Cd，Ba，La，Ce，Pr，Nd，Sm，Eu，Gd，Tb，Dy ，Ho，Er，Tm，Yb和Lu。 该组合物可用作热电材料。 在优选的实施方案中，组合物的品质因数大于1.0。 本发明还提供一种制备该组合物的方法，以及使用该组合物的热电装置。