摘要:
The present invention relates to methods and systems for removing polar molecule contaminants from a refinery stream in connection with the processing of hydrocarbon fluids, chemicals, whole crude oils, blends and fractions in refineries and chemical plants that include adding high surface energy and/or high surface area nanoparticle compounds to a refinery stream to remove the polar molecule contaminants.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods and systems for removing polar molecule contaminants from a refinery stream in connection with the processing of hydrocarbon fluids, chemicals, whole crude oils, blends and fractions in refineries and chemical plants that include adding high surface energy and/or high surface area nanoparticle compounds to a refinery stream to remove the polar molecule contaminants.
摘要:
The present invention is a heat pipe having a specified volume of working fluid determined in relation to the interior volume of the heat pipe and a target temperature TT, to provide self-temperature regulation and pressure management. The heat pipe comprises at least a evaporator region and a condenser region having a known interior volume V and a mass of working fluid given by the relationship Mwf=Dwf at TT×V where Dwf is the density of the saturated vapor of the fluid at temperature TT plus an amount of additional working fluid sufficient to have the rate of evaporation about equal to the rate of condensation for the particular heat pipe configuration. The heat pipe has at least the condenser region having an interior coating of a hydrophobic material.
摘要:
The present invention is a heat pipe having a specified volume of working fluid determined in relation to the interior volume of the heat pipe and a target temperature TT, to provide self-temperature regulation and pressure management. The heat pipe comprises at least a evaporator region and a condenser region having a known interior volume V and a mass of working fluid given by the relationship Mwf=Dwf at TT×V plus an amount of additional working fluid sufficient to have the rate of evaporation about equal to the rate of condensation for the particular heat pipe configuration.
摘要:
In an internal combustion engine fuel system having a membrane separator for separating a primary fuel into a high octane fuel and a low octane fuel, and wherein the primary fuel is heated for separation in the membrane separator, the improvement comprising a heat pipe having an evaporator section positioned to be in the heat exchange relationship with exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine under conditions of use; and a heat output area in heat exchange relationship with a primary fuel as it is fed into the separator whereby the primary fuel is heated. In one embodiment the heat pipe is a variable conductance heat pipe having a top operating temperature not greater than about 160° C.
摘要:
Catalyst compositions and methods for use of such catalyst composition in the exhaust gas recycle stream of an internal combustion engine for reforming of a methane-containing fuel are provided. A reformer incorporating such a catalyst for use in an exhaust gas recycle portion of an internal combustion engine powertrain is described. A powertrain incorporating such a reformer, a method of increasing the octane rating of an exhaust gas recycle stream, and a method of operating an internal combustion engine for methane combustion are also described.
摘要:
A ultra-thin polymeric membrane is made by coating a porous substrate, such as a ceramic monolith, with a solution of a polymer colloid, then drying the solution to form the film. The polymer is an associating polymer. The resulting membrane may be used for separating hydrocarbon species, for example.
摘要:
A service station is provided with a plurality of vehicle servicing islands including liquid fuel blending pumps for dispensing and blending fuel components from underground storage tanks for refueling standard gasoline engine driven vehicles, standard diesel engine vehicles, vehicles with engines requiring dual fuels, vehicles with HCCL engines require low octane gasoline blended with standard diesel fuel, and fuel cell powered vehicles having onboard reformers. Other service islands include pumps for dispensing compressed hydrogen to fuel cell powered vehicles that do not include onboard reformers. In addition, service islands are provided for recharging the batteries of pure electric powered vehicles. A service station is further provided with a wireless communicator for receiving signals indicative of a vehicle's fuel requirements and transmitting signals to direct the vehicle to a service island capable of servicing the vehicle.
摘要:
Tuning fuel composition delivered to a spark ignition, internal combustion engine as a function of driving cycle conditions results in improvements in one or more of fuel efficiency and combustion emissions.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing NO.sub.x reductants by injecting hydrocarbon into a diesel engine's combustion chamber during the expansion cycle. The secondary injected hydrocarbon is formed, under appropriate conditions, into oxygenates and olefins that are suitable for reducing NO.sub.x species in the presence of conventional exhaust catalysts. The appropriate injection timing is obtained by referring to a calibration obtained by direct engine measurements.