摘要:
A coolant inlet and a coolant outlet are opened on an inner surface enclosing an inner space of a rotation object. The coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are located on a rotation axis and face each other. A main-stream which flows straightly along the rotation axis from the coolant inlet to the coolant outlet is generated in a central space of the inner space. Therefore, a resistance about the coolant stream is small. In addition, a sub-stream which circulates in a radial direction is generated in a peripheral space around the central space. By generating a contact between the main-stream and the sub-stream, it is possible to obtain high performance of cooling.
摘要:
Disclosed is a compound which has an inhibitory activity on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and has a propanedioic acid structure represented by formula (1) [wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 represents a cyclohexyl group or a phenyl group (provide that the phenyl group may be substituted by a substituent selected from a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom); R4 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group (provide that the phenyl group may be substituted by a substituent selected from a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom); and n represents an integer of 1 to 8]. The compound is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
摘要:
A hybrid vehicle employing a parallel hybrid system, using both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor for propulsion, comprises a propulsion mechanism having at least a first electric motor, an internal combustion engine, a clutch, a second electric motor, a transmission, and drive wheels, and constructed so that a crankshaft of the engine and a motor shaft of the first electric motor are connected to an input shaft of the clutch, and that a motor shaft of the second electric motor and an input shaft of the transmission are connected to an output shaft of the clutch to transmit a driving torque from the output shaft of the transmission to the drive wheels. An engine temperature sensor is provided for detecting an engine temperature. An electronic control unit is connected to the propulsion mechanism and the engine temperature sensor, for disengaging the clutch and stopping the engine during a standstill state of the hybrid vehicle, and for propelling the hybrid vehicle by a driving torque generated by the second electric motor when the hybrid vehicle starts, and for starting up the engine by the first electric motor and engaging the clutch after engine startup, during the warm-up of the engine. A variable valve timing control system is electrically connected to the control unit for adjusting an intake-valve closure timing to a predetermined retarded closure timing when the clutch is disengaged and for adjusting the intake-valve closure timing to a predetermined advanced closure timing after the clutch is engaged, after the engine warm-up.
摘要:
An automatic power transmission includes a primary transmission unit having plurality of gear elements for establishing predetermined speed ratios and a subsidiary transmission unit having an under-drive gear element for establishing at least one and a direct drive. Each gear element is associated with a friction element which controls associated one of the gear element for establishing one of a plurality of predetermined speed ratios. The friction element is connected to a hydraulic circuit which controls position of the friction element between engaged position and released position for establishing the one of speed ratios. The hydraulic circuit comprises a primary hydraulic unit mounted on a primary transmission casing and housing a plurality of control valves for variation pressure supply for respective friction elements, the primary hydraulic unit, and a subsidiary hydraulic unit mounted on a subsidiary transmission casing and including a pressure accumulator, a flow restriction orifice and an one-way check valve.
摘要:
A generator (4) is combined with drive wheels (8) of a vehicle, and the output of an engine (2) is transmitted to the drive wheels (8) under an engaging force of an electromagnetic clutch (3) in response to an energizing current. During a predetermined deceleration state, a braking force is applied to the drive wheels (8) and a battery (15) is charged by the generator (4) which performs regenerative power generation. At this time, the controller (16) supplies a weak energizing current to the electromagnetic clutch (3) so as to put the clutch (3) into a partially engaged state. A sensor (29) detects the output rotation speed of the clutch (3). When the output rotation speed of the clutch (3) is high, the controller (16) decreases the energizing current so that the rotational resistance of the electromagnetic clutch (3) is reduced. When the output rotation speed of the clutch (3) is low, the controller (16) increases the energizing current so that the re-engaging response of the electromagnetic clutch (3) is increased.
摘要:
A hybrid vehicle propulsion system comprises an electric motor as a first propulsion source, an engine as a second propulsion source and a continuously variable transmission for receiving an input rotation from at least one of the motor and engine and for delivering a driving torque to a drive axle of the vehicle. A controller controls a transmission ratio of the transmission so that the transmission ratio in a motor drive mode is higher than the transmission ratio in an engine drive mode.
摘要:
A drive system for a hybrid drive vehicle, comprises a driving mechanism which includes a clutch, an engine connected the clutch, a first motor for generating power, connected to the clutch, a second motor for driving a drive wheel, connected to the clutch, and a transmission connected to the clutch. A third motor is provided for driving a hydraulic pump of a hydraulic system for the transmission. A first inverter is connected between the first motor and a battery, in which charging and discharging between the first motor and the battery being made through the first inverter. A second inverter is connected between the second motor and the battery, in which charging and discharging between the second motor and the battery being made through the second inverter. A third inverter is connected between the third motor and the battery, in which changing and discharging between the battery and the motor being made through the third inverter. A first trouble detecting device is provided for detecting trouble in the first motor and in the first inverter. Additionally, a controller is provided for controlling the engine, the inverters, the transmission and the clutch. The controller is arranged to engage the clutch and to drive the second motor so as to start operation of the engine under firing, in response to the trouble detected by the first trouble detecting device.
摘要:
An improved planetary gear type transmission mechanism is provided which is capable of realizing a plurality of desired speed ratios in a wide range, for example in an automatic transmission, and which maintains gear ratios of all of a plurality of planetary gear sets in an available range. The transmission mechanism includes a double pinion type planetary gear set.
摘要:
A vehicle transmission is provided with two coaxially mounted input shafts having input gears, a pair of clutches to selectively transmit a driving torque of a power source to the input shafts, a plurality of output shafts having output gears, and a plurality of gear selectors. The gear selectors selectively connect and disconnect the gears to their respective shafts in order to selectively establish a plurality of forward driving speed ratios and at least one reverse driving speed ratio by selectively controlling the gear selectors and the first and second clutches. The gears are arranged such that only two sets of the gear pairs are used in establishing a torque transmitting path from one of the input shafts to a final reduction gear output shaft when at least one of a forward gear is selected other than a first forward gear.
摘要:
A vehicle transmission is provided with two coaxially mounted input shafts having input gears, a pair of clutches to selectively transmit a driving torque of a power source to the input shafts, a plurality of output shafts having output gears, and a plurality of gear selectors. The gear selectors selectively connect and disconnect the gears to their respective shafts in order to selectively establish a plurality of forward driving speed ratios and at least one reverse driving speed ratio by selectively controlling the gear selectors and the first and second clutches. The gears are arranged such that only two sets of the gear pairs are used in establishing a torque transmitting path from one of the input shafts to a final reduction gear output shaft when at least one of a forward gear is selected other than a first forward gear.