摘要:
In a gas phase olefin polymerization, an olefin is continuously fed to a fluid bed reactor in which a metallocene catalyst is present. At least one compound selected from water, alcohols and ketones is added in a specified amount simultaneously with the feeding of the olefin. Thus, an olefin polymer having a satisfactory drop second count index as defined by the below indicated formula is produced: ##EQU1## wherein t.sub.0 and t respectively represent a flow time measured in the flow test according to ASTM D-1775 of the olefin polymer obtained when none of the water, alcohols and ketones is incorporated in the reactor, and when at least one compound of water, alcohols and ketones is incorporated in the reactor. The flowability of the polymer formed in the reactor is excellent, so that blocking, bridging and the like do not occur during the gas phase polymerization. Thus, it is feasible to stably produce a (co)polymer having excellent particle properties in high yield for a prolonged period of time.
摘要:
A method of terminating a gas phase polymerization of an olefin to be conducted subsequent to producing a polyolefin by feeding a gaseous olefin into a fluidized bed reactor to polymerize the gaseous olefin while holding solid particles containing a catalyst in a fluid state, said method comprising introducing a deactivator in the fluidized bed reactor through at least two deactivator introduction ports of the fluidized bed reactor so as to terminate the gas phase polymerization. The height of the fluidized bed is generally at least 3 m. The deactivator is preferably introduced through deactivator introduction ports disposed at heights Ha=-0.3 D to 0.3 D (a) and Hb=0.3 D to 2.0 D (b) (D is the inside diameter of the fluidized bed reactor (cm)). After the termination of the polymerization, the gas phase polymerization can directly be resumed. Formation of the product during the termination period can be minimized and the gas phase polymerization can rapidly be terminated even if the amount of the deactivator is small. Also, an apparatus which is suitable for the above termination and resumption of gas phase polymerization is provided.
摘要:
A gas distributor plate provided in a fluidized bed polymerization vessel which effects the gas phase polymerization of olefins, the gas distributor plate exhibiting excellent action for uniformly diffusing the gas flow in the fluidized bed zone. A gas distributor plate has a number of gas passage holes and is provided in a fluidized bed polymerization vessel which effects the gas phase polymerization of olefins, wherein when the inner radius of the straight drum portion of the polymerization vessel is denoted by 1, the holes perforated in the outer peripheral portion of the distributor plate at 0.7 to 1.0 from the center of the straight drum portion have an average diameter which is larger than the average diameter of the holes perforated in the inner peripheral portion of the distributor plate at smaller than 0.7 from said center. This makes it possible to uniformly and stably diffuse the gas flow in the fluidized bed zone in the polymerization vessel, to effectively prevent the formation of a dead zone, as well as to effectively prevent the polymer from adhering onto the wall surfaces of the polymerization vessel.
摘要:
The invention provides an efficient process for producing alkylated aromatic compounds such as cumene in a compact reactor. The invention also provides a process for producing phenol which includes a step of producing cumene by the above process.The process for producing alkylated aromatic compounds of the invention includes feeding raw materials including an aromatic compound and an alcohol in a gas-liquid downward concurrent flow mode to a fixed-bed reactor packed with a solid acid catalyst thereby to produce an alkylated aromatic compound, wherein the raw materials are fed to the reactor in a stream of a gas, and the reaction gas flow rate defined by the equation below is not less than 0.05 at an entrance of a solid acid catalyst layer: ρg·ug·[ρair·ρwater/(ρg·ρl)]1/2(kgm−2s−1).
摘要翻译:本发明提供了在紧凑型反应器中生产烷基化芳族化合物如枯烯的有效方法。 本发明还提供一种生产苯酚的方法,其包括通过上述方法生产异丙基苯的步骤。 本发明的烷基化芳香族化合物的制造方法包括以气液向下并流模式将包含芳族化合物和醇的原料进料到填充有固体酸催化剂的固定床反应器中,从而制备烷基化芳族化合物, 其中原料以气流输送到反应器中,并且由下式确定的反应气体流速在固体酸催化剂层的入口处不小于0.05;&rgg; g·ug·[&rgr ;空气·水/(&rgr g g&rgr; l)] 1/2(kgm-2s-1)。
摘要:
An electronic security system is provided with an electronic key and an electronic locking apparatus. The electronic key includes an identification data registry for storing one or more identification data for locking and unlocking. The electronic locking apparatus includes a key data registry for storing a key data having a predetermined relationship with an identification data of an electronic key corresponding to the electronic locking apparatus. The system includes with a reader/writer for reading and writing the identification data in and from the identification data registry. This system ensures an improved convenience by making a single key compatible with a plurality of objects.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprises the steps of introducing a first gas containing steam or alcohol into a processing vessel housing a semiconductor substrate, and introducing a hydrogen fluoride gas as a second gas into the processing vessel after stopping introduction of the first gas into the process chamber.
摘要:
By forming a bone-compatible implant wherein a groove or hole has been formed in the surface of a base material made of titanium metal or a titanium alloy at its joint with a bone tissue and the groove or hole has on the inner surface thereof an oxide film formed by heating in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, apatite is allowed to deposit on the inner surface of the groove or hole easily. Thus, an implant is provided which can be attached to a bone within a relatively short period of time even without resorting to bone cement.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition comprising at least a thermoplastic elastomer (a), a photopolymerizable unsaturated monomer (b), and a photopolymerization initiator (c), characterized in that the thermoplastic elastomer (a) comprises at least vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon units, butadiene units, and alkylene units and contains alkylene units not less than 5 wt % and not more than 80 wt % with respect to the total amount of butadiene units and alkylene units. The present invention provides a photosensitive resin composition that simultaneously achieves excellent fine line reproducibility, ester solvent resistance, and prevention of cracks occurring on plate surface.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition comprising at least a thermoplastic elastomer (a), a photopolymerizable unsaturated monomer (b), and a photopolymerization initiator (c), characterized in that the thermoplastic elastomer (a) comprises at least vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon units, butadiene units, and alkylene units and contains alkylene units not less than 5 wt % and not more than 80 wt % with respect to the total amount of butadiene units and alkylene units. The present invention provides a photosensitive resin composition that simultaneously achieves excellent fine line reproducibility, ester solvent resistance, and prevention of cracks occurring on plate surface.
摘要:
An abrasive material is prepared by dispersing silicon nitride particles acting as abrasive particles in a solvent such as a pure water or an ultra pure water, followed by adding an adsorptive stickable to the abrasive particles to the dispersion. The resultant abrasive material permits diminishing the polishing rate of a silicon nitride film used as a stopper film, with the result that a CVD SiO.sub.2 film to be polished is selectively polished relative to the Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 film used as the stopper film. This makes it possible to make the stopper film as thin as possible and permits the CVD SiO.sub.2 film to be flattened efficiently without bringing about a dishing problem.
摘要翻译:研磨材料通过将作为磨料颗粒的氮化硅颗粒分散在诸如纯水或超纯水的溶剂中,然后向分散体中添加粘附到磨料颗粒上的吸附剂来制备。 所得的研磨材料允许减少用作阻挡膜的氮化硅膜的抛光速率,结果是相对于用作阻挡膜的Si 3 N 4膜选择性地抛光待抛光的CVD SiO 2膜。 这使得可以使阻挡膜尽可能薄,并且可以有效地使CVD SiO 2膜平坦化,而不会产生凹陷问题。