摘要:
The inverter functioning as a comparator, dummy inverter having the same electric characteristics as the inverter, and control circuit are provided. Vth detecting input voltage output from the control circuit is input into the dummy inverter, Vth detecting output voltage output from the dummy inverter is input into the control circuit, and the threshold voltage of the dummy inverter is detected. The threshold voltage of the inverter is controlled by controlling the back gate voltages of the MOS transistors of the dummy inverter and the inverter in such a manner that the threshold voltage of the dummy inverter coincide with an external reference voltage.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a microchip that allows a sample to be introduced into a region easily and accurately, and which makes it possible to obtain high analysis accuracy. The microchip includes an airtight region into which a solution is externally introduced; and positioning means for positioning a channel for injecting the solution into the region by penetrating a substrate layer forming the region with respect to a puncture part of the region.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a microchip that allows a sample to be introduced into a region easily and accurately, and which makes it possible to obtain high analysis accuracy. The microchip includes an airtight region into which a solution is externally introduced; and positioning means for positioning a channel for injecting the solution into the region by penetrating a substrate layer forming the region with respect to a puncture part of the region.
摘要:
A real-time PCR system for detecting gene expression levels includes plural reaction regions, a like plural number of heating portions arranged corresponding to the reaction regions and having heat sources, respectively, an optical unit capable of irradiating exciting light of a specific wavelength to all of the plural reaction regions, and a like plural number of fluorescence detecting portions arranged corresponding to the reaction regions, respectively. The heating portions are each provided with a temperature detector for detecting a temperature in a vicinity of the corresponding heat source and converting the temperature into an electrical signal and also with a controller for controlling a thermal dose from the corresponding heat source based on a correlation between electrical signals and calorific values of the heat source stored beforehand.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a light detection device including, at least, a substrate provided with a plurality of detection regions where to perform detection of fluorescent light emitted from the inside of a sample upon irradiation of the sample with light, a light irradiation section operable to perform the irradiation with light, an optical control section configured to irradiate the detection regions with the light radiated from the light irradiation section, and a light detection section operable to detect the fluorescent light.
摘要:
A hybridization detecting unit which includes a reaction region in which hybridization takes place, a plurality of sites (e.g., the surface of electrodes) arranged in the reaction region to which is fixed a nucleic acid for detection, and means for sequentially moving by dielectrophoresis the target nucleic acid introduced into the reaction region according to the order of arrangement of the sites to which is fixed a nucleic acid for detection. A sensor chip provided with the hybridization detecting unit. The detecting unit compulsorily moves the target nucleic acid into the region where a probe nucleic acid for detection exists, thereby increasing the probability of hybridization taking place.
摘要:
Concentration of electric current due to an additive (particularly, a brightener) remaining or precipitated in a high concentration at grain boundary triple points and wiring groove portions in the surface layer of a copper plating film is obviated, whereby precedent dissolution and/or abnormal dissolution due to concentration of electric current is restrained, and an electropolished surface of the copper plating film with excellent surface smoothness is obtained.A method of producing a metallic film includes the steps of: forming a metallic plating film (copper plating film (15)) by use of a plating solution prepared by adding a plating additive for restraining void generation, bottom-up fill and overfill; and electropolishing the metallic plating film by use of an electropolishing solution prepared by adding a polishing additive capable of reacting or coupling with the plating additive component contained or precipitated in the surface layer of the metallic plating film.
摘要:
A method of production and a method of polishing a semiconductor device and a polishing apparatus, capable of easily flattening an initial unevenness of a metal film, excellent in efficiency of removal of an excess metal film, and capable of suppressing damage to an interlayer insulation film below the metal film when flattening the metal film by polishing, the polishing method including the steps of interposing an electrolytic solution including a chelating agent between a cathode member and the copper film, applying a voltage between the cathode member used as a cathode and the copper film used as an anode to oxidize the surface of the copper film and forming a chelate film of the oxidized copper, selectively removing a projecting portion of the chelate film corresponding to the shape of the copper film to expose the projecting portion of the copper film at its surface, and repeating the above chelate film forming step and the above chelate film removing step until the projecting portion of the copper film is flattened.
摘要:
An AGC circuit according to the present invention comprises: a gain controller, having a variable gain, for amplifying an input signal at a predetermined gain and generating an output signal, and for varying the gain; a comparison circuit for comparing an amplitude of the input signal or of the output signal with a predetermined reference level, and for generating a control signal that goes to a first level when the amplitude is smaller than the reference level, and that goes to a second level when the amplitude is greater than the reference level; and a duty ratio detector for supplying the control signal generated by the comparison circuit, and for generating control code in accordance with a duty ratio of the control signal, wherein the gain of the gain controller is varied by using the control code, and so adjusted that the duty ratio of the control signal is maintained to be a predetermined value. When the amplitude of the input signal or the output signal is increased, a period during which the amplitude exceeds the reference level is also extended. By utilizing this phenomenon, a gain is varied so as to maintain a control signal duty ratio of 50%, for example, so that the amplitude of the output signal is amplified to a desired value, which is maintained.
摘要:
A compander circuit includes first and second volume controllers, a comparator, a counter and a control part. The comparator compares a compared voltage with a rectified and smoothed signal of an input signal of the compander circuit or an output signal of the first volume controller receiving the input signal, the compared voltage being an output signal of the second volume controller. The counter executes a count operation on an output signal of the comparator in synchronism with a clock signal and controls gains of the first and second volume controllers on the basis of a counter value of the counter. The control part controls a frequency of the clock signal applied to the counter by a predetermined control signal.