摘要:
A quaternary ammonium compound of the present invention is a quaternary ammonium compound represented by general formula (I) or (I′) (wherein, A represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group, or a branched alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group, R1 to R3 may be the same or different and represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, one of R4 to R8 represents CO2− or SO3−, while no more than three of the remaining R4 to R8 represent a group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and other R4 to R8 represent a hydrogen atom, one of R′4 to R′8 represents CO2H or SO3H, no more than three of the remaining R′4 to R′8 represent a group selected from a protected hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, while other R′4 to R′8 represent a hydrogen atom, and X− represents an anion capable of forming a salt with a quaternary ammonium group).
摘要:
A quaternary ammonium compound of the present invention is a quaternary ammonium compound represented by general formula (I) or (I′) (wherein, A represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group, or a branched alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group, R1 to R3 may be the same or different and represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, one of R4 to R8 represents CO2− or SO3−, while no more than three of the remaining R4 to R8 represent a group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and other R4 to R8 represent a hydrogen atom, one of R′4 to R′8 represents CO2H or SO3H, no more than three of the remaining R′4 to R′8 represent a group selected from a protected hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, while other R′4 to R′8 represent a hydrogen atom, and X− represents an anion capable of forming a salt with a quaternary ammonium group).
摘要:
A dimethyl terephthalate composition includes 0.001 to 200 ppm of methyl 4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)benzoate and 0 to 1 ppm of dimethyl hydroxyterephthalate contained in dimethyl terephthalate, and exhibits improved properties as a material for producing polyester.
摘要:
A recycling method which comprises constructing a membership computer system comprising appending to products identification displays showing that the products satisfy the standards for products scarcely giving loads to environments, easily recyclable products, highly healthy and safe products, or the like, connecting members comprising the producers A of the products to which the identification displays can be appended, product seller B, purchasers or consumers C, waste-collecting members D, collected commodity-transporting members E, and intermediate raw material producers F to an information network manager G through an information network, and totally monitoring and managing the production of the products, sales, wastes and the production of the intermediate raw materials by the information network manager G, and recycling the used products as wastes to the intermediate raw materials for producing the products, and by which the products can be produced with reduced energy, and the system thereof.
摘要:
For separation and recovery of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethyiene glycol (EG) from polyester waste containing foreign materials, the polyester waste is treated in EG containing a polyester depolymerization catalyst, a solid foreign material fraction floated on the surface of the resultant reaction solution is removed and the residual solid foreign material fraction is removed from the remaining solution fraction. The remaining solution fraction is distilled and concentrated and the distilled EG is recovered. A transesterification reaction catalyst and methanol are mixed into the distillation residue. The resultant reaction mixture is recrystallized and subjected to centrifugal separation to separate the reaction mixture into the DMT cake and a mixture solution, and then the cake is distilled whereby high-purity DMT is recovered. The residual mixture solution is subjected to distillation treatment for recovery of the methanol, and the distillation residue is distilled to recover EG.
摘要:
The invention relates to a rotating electric machine including (a) a rotor having a rotating shaft; (b) a bearing for supporting the rotating shaft; (c) a radiation resistant grease applied to the bearing; and (d) a shield layer for shielding the grease from radiation. The shield layer is made of lead and surrounds the bearing. The shield layer includes (1) a first cylindrical shield member that is positioned to cover the bearing, such that the bearing is shielded from a first radiation that is in a direction substantially perpendicular to an axis of the rotating shaft, and (2) second and third disk shield members that are positioned to interpose therebetween the bearing in a direction along the axis of the rotating shaft, such that the bearing is shielded from a second radiation that is in a direction substantially along the axis of the rotating shaft. Thus, the rotor of this rotating electric machine is stably supported in the bearing for a long time even under a highly radioactive environment. That is, the rotating electric machine can be rotated stably for a long time.
摘要:
A diesel engine operating on the two cycle crankcase compression principle and having a means for reducing nitrous oxide emissions under low and medium range speeds. This is done by throttling the scavenge air flow which can be accomplished either by throttling the air admitted to the crankcase chamber or bypassing a portion of the compressed air from the crankcase chamber back to the induction system. In addition, an exhaust control valve is provided for raising the compression ratio and the injection timing is advanced when the scavenge air is reduced so as to further improve the control of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.
摘要:
The invention relates to a rotating electric machine including a coil of a wire having thereon an insulating coating comprising a polybenzimidazole. This rotating electric machine is stably maintained for a long time in dielectric strength even under a highly radioactive environment, due to the use of the special insulating coating. With this, the rotating electric machine can be driven stably for a long time. The invention further relates to another rotating electric machine including (a) a rotor having a rotating shaft; (b) a bearing for supporting the rotating shaft; and (c) a grease applied to the bearing. This grease contains (1) a polyphenyl ether having at least three aromatic rings in the molecule and (2) a urea. The rotor of this rotating electric machine is stably supported in the bearing for a long time even under a highly radioactive environment, due to the use of the special grease. Thus, this rotating electric machine can also be rotated stably for a long time.
摘要:
A two-cycle diesel engine and means for operating it to improve the performance by increasing the compression ratio by the closing of a supplemental exhaust port under light loads and low speeds. In order to reduce combustion chamber temperature and reduce nitrous oxide emissions, the injection timing is advanced an additional increment during the closing of the supplemental exhaust port. Various control strategies are described which involve either quickly raising the compression ratio and retarding the injection timing.
摘要:
A recycling method which comprises constructing a membership computer system comprising appending to products identification displays showing that the products satisfy the standards for products scarcely giving loads to environments, easily recyclable products, highly healthy and safe products, or the like, connecting members comprising the producers A of the products to which the identification displays can be appended, product seller B, purchasers or consumers C, waste-collecting members D, collected commodity-transporting members E, and intermediate raw material producers F to an information network manager G through an information network, and totally monitoring and managing the production of the products, sales, wastes and the production of the intermediate raw materials by the information network manager G, and recycling the used products as wastes to the intermediate raw materials for producing the products, and by which the products can be produced with reduced energy, and the system thereof.