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    Microwave Produced Biochar from Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock
    92.
    发明申请
    Microwave Produced Biochar from Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock 审中-公开
    微波生产的有机碳含有原料的生物炭

    公开(公告)号：US20150361369A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-12-17

    申请号：US14305193

    申请日：2014-06-16

    申请人： Carleton Drew Tait ,  Douglas M Van Thorre ,  Michael L Catto ,  Philip James Scalzo

    发明人： Carleton Drew Tait ,  Douglas M Van Thorre ,  Michael L Catto ,  Philip James Scalzo

    IPC分类号： C10L5/44

    CPC分类号： C10L5/447 ,  C10L9/086 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/30

    摘要： A processed biochar composition made with an oxygen-starved microwave sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into a substantially microwave-transparent reaction chamber. A microwave source emits microwaves which are directed through the microwave-transparent wall of the reaction chamber to impinge on the feedstock within the reaction chamber. The microwave source may be rotated relative to the reaction chamber. The feedstock is subjected to microwaves until the desired reaction occurs to produce a solid processed biochar fuel.

    摘要翻译： 描述了由利用选矿子系统制成的含有机碳原料的经氧化微波子系统制成的经处理的生物炭组合物。 可再生生物质原料通过选矿子系统，以将水含量降低到至少20重量％以下，水溶性盐还原比未加工的含有机碳原料干燥至少60％。 将经处理的原料引入基本上微波透明的反应室中。 微波源发射微波，其被引导通过反应室的微波透明壁以撞击反应室内的原料。 微波源可以相对于反应室旋转。 将原料进行微波直到发生所需的反应以产生固体加工的生物炭燃料。

    Processes for producing energy-dense biomass for combustion
    97.
    发明授权
    Processes for producing energy-dense biomass for combustion 有权
    用于生产能量密度生物质燃烧的方法

    公开(公告)号：US09145529B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-29

    申请号：US14173332

    申请日：2014-02-05

    申请人： API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    发明人： Theodora Retsina ,  Vesa Pylkkanen

    IPC分类号： C12P7/10 ,  C10L5/44 ,  C13K13/00 ,  F23G7/10 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14

    CPC分类号： C10L5/44 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K13/007 ,  F23G7/10 ,  F23G7/105 ,  F23G2900/50206 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/15 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P20/136

    摘要： This invention provides processes to convert biomass into energy-dense biomass for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing energy-dense biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising extracting the feedstock with steam and/or hot water to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; separating the extract liquor, to produce dewatered cellulose-rich solids; hydrolyzing the dewatered cellulose-rich solids, thereby removing a portion of the cellulose, to produce intermediate solids (with higher energy density) and a hydrolysate; drying the intermediate solids to produce energy-dense biomass; and optionally recovering fermentable sugars from the hydrolysate. The energy-dense biomass may be pelletized into biomass pellets, which may have a similar energy density as torrefied pellets from wood. The hemicellulosic oligomers may be further hydrolyzed to produce additional fermentable sugars. The fermentable sugars may be fermented to ethanol or another product.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了将生物质转化为能量密集生物质用于燃烧的方法，单独或与另一种固体燃料组合。 一些实施方案提供了用于从纤维素生物质生产能量密度生物质的方法，包括用蒸汽和/或热水萃取原料以产生含有半纤维素低聚物，溶解的木质素和富含纤维素的固体的提取液; 分离萃取液，产生脱水的富含纤维素的固体; 水解脱水的富含纤维素的固体，从而除去一部分纤维素，以产生中等固体（具有较高的能量密度）和水解产物; 干燥中间体固体以产生能量密集的生物质; 并任选地从水解产物中回收可发酵的糖。 能量密度生物质可以被造粒成生物质颗粒，其可以具有与来自木材的焙烧颗粒相似的能量密度。 半纤维素低聚物可进一步水解以产生额外的可发酵糖。 可发酵糖可以发酵成乙醇或其他产品。

    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT A HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION REACTION AND USE OF A SENSOR OR ANALYSIS DEVICE FOR THIS PURPOSE
    98.
    发明申请
    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT A HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION REACTION AND USE OF A SENSOR OR ANALYSIS DEVICE FOR THIS PURPOSE 审中-公开
    用于实施氢热碳化反应的方法和装置以及用于本发明的传感器或分析装置的用途

    公开(公告)号：US20150259209A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-17

    申请号：US14644369

    申请日：2015-03-11

    申请人： AVA-CO2 Schweiz AG

    发明人： Jan VYSKOCIL

    IPC分类号： C01B31/02 ,  G05B15/02 ,  B01J19/24

    CPC分类号： G05B15/02 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  B01J2219/24 ,  C01B32/05 ,  C10L3/101 ,  C10L9/086 ,  C10L2290/546 ,  C10L2290/548 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/30

    摘要： It is the goal of a hydrothermal carbonization reaction to obtain the best possible yield of specific substances, for example the greatest possible carbon yield. However, biomass of very different types and grades is fed into the process, so that the reaction can take place very differently within each individual batch. Influencing the process is generally problematical, because the process proceeds in closed manner. For this reason, it is proposed to assign a sensor or an analysis device for the total organic carbon for the dissolved organic carbon, or for fractions of the total organic carbon. An adaptation of the process parameters can then be undertaken manually or by way of a process controller, as a function of the sensor's measurement results.

    摘要翻译： 水热碳化反应的目标是获得最佳可能的特定物质的产率，例如最大的碳产量。 然而，将非常不同类型和等级的生物质进料到该过程中，使得反应可以在每个单独的批次中发生非常不同。 影响该过程通常是有问题的，因为该过程以封闭的方式进行。 因此，建议为溶解的有机碳或总有机碳的部分分配用于总有机碳的传感器或分析装置。 然后可以根据传感器的测量结果手动或通过过程控制器进行过程参数的调整。

    Production, Conditioning, Testing and Applications of Cardboard and Chipboard Biochar
    99.
    发明申请
    Production, Conditioning, Testing and Applications of Cardboard and Chipboard Biochar 审中-公开
    纸板和刨花板生物炭的生产，调理，测试和应用

    公开(公告)号：US20150252267A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-10

    申请号：US14603456

    申请日：2015-01-23

    申请人： Jeff Licht

    发明人： Jeff Licht ,  Hugh S. McLaughlin

    IPC分类号： C10B53/02 ,  C10B21/00

    CPC分类号： C10B53/02 ,  C10L5/363 ,  C10L5/403 ,  C10L5/447 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02E50/30

    摘要： Processing vessel systems; methods for biochar production; methods for biochar conditioning; methods for cardboard and chipboard biochar blending; and methods for co-generated heat from cardboard and chipboard pyrolysis. Cardboard and chipboard are paper-based products consisting of virgin or post-consumer waste abandoned fibers, repurposed as feedstocks used for thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis) and carbonization of ligno cellulosic biomass. The conditioned cardboard and chipboard biochars improve soil nutrition, improve soil moisture retention, slow soil mineralization, bind or limit heavy metal uptake in soils and plants, improve plant physiological response such as water use efficiency. Co-generation of bioenergy output during pyrolysis is also involved.

    摘要翻译： 加工船舶系统; 生物炭生产方法; 生物炭调理方法; 纸板和刨花板生物炭混合方法; 以及从纸板和刨花板热解共同产生的热量的方法。 纸板和刨花板是由原始或消费后废弃废弃纤维组成的纸基产品，用作用于热化学转化（热解）和木质纤维素生物质碳化的原料。 调节纸板和刨花板生物炭改善土壤营养，改善土壤保湿性，缓慢的土壤矿化，结合或限制土壤和植物中的重金属吸收，改善植物生理反应，如水分利用效率。 热解过程中生物能源输出的共同生成也涉及到。