Abstract:
A termination circuit is connected to an input buffer receiving a data signal, and includes at least one termination resistor connected to the input buffer for impedance matching. At least one switch controls a connection between the input buffer and a corresponding one of the at least one termination resistors. A control signal generator generates a control signal for selectively enabling the termination circuit by controlling each of the at least one switches. The control signal has an input period less than or equal to an input period of a data signal.
Abstract:
A sulfonated copolymer including a crosslinking functional group and a fuel cell including a polymeric composition of the same are provided. The sulfonated copolymer including a crosslinking functional group can remarkably reduce methanol crossover and maintain superior dimensional stability and ionic conductivity by reducing swelling.
Abstract:
A polymer membrane, a method of preparing the same, and a fuel cell employing the same are provided, where the polymer membrane includes a porous polymer film having sulfonated pores. The polymer membrane can be prepared easily and economically, has excellent ionic conductivity, and effectively reduces crossover in a fuel cell.
Abstract:
A polymer electrolyte membrane including a polysilsesquioxane group-containing copolymer and an ionic conductive polymer is provided. A method of preparing the polymer electrolyte membrane and a fuel cell including the polymer electrolyte membrane is also provided. The polymer electrolyte membrane has improved ion conductivity and an improved ability to suppress methanol crossover, and therefore can be used as an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, including a direct methanol fuel cell.
Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device includes memory modules which have memories and a data bus which transfers data to the memory modules, in which the data bus comprises a low frequency band data pass unit which removes the high frequency component of the data and sends the data to the memory modules. The low frequency band data pass unit comprises a plurality of stubs which are connected to the data bus in parallel and are formed as printed circuit board (PCB) patterns. The low frequency band data pass unit comprises a plurality of plates that are connected to the data bus in parallel and are formed as PCB patterns. The low frequency band data pass unit has a shape in which parts having a wide width and parts having a narrow width are alternately connected. Therefore, without adding a separate passive device, the semiconductor memory device reduces the high frequency noise of data transferred through a data bus such that the voltage margin of the data improves, the cost for passive devices such as capacitors, is reduced, and the process for attaching the passive devices is simplified.
Abstract:
A memory system has first and second primary memories and first and second secondary memories coupled to the first and second primary memories, respectively, the coupling comprising at least one point-to-point connection. A memory module includes at least two of the first and second primary and first and second secondary memories. A first connection element, such as a connector or solder, connects the memory module to a mother board. A second connection element, such as a connector or solder, connects at least one other of the first and second primary and first and second secondary memories to the mother board. At least one of the memories on the first memory module is coupled to at least one of the other memories. The memory system also includes a memory controller which is connected to the primary memories by a point-to-two-point link.
Abstract:
A polymer electrolyte membrane including an ionic conducting polymer and a light-irradiated product of a photoacid generator (PAG), a method of manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell using the same. The polymer electrolyte membrane has excellent proton conductivity and homogeneity by radiating light such as UV light onto the PAG, thereby producing an acid radical which generates an acid. The polymer electrolyte membrane also suppresses methanol crossover well. The polymer electrolyte membrane can be used as an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell, for example, a direct methanol fuel cell.
Abstract:
An ion-conducting, sulfonated and crosslinked copolymer for use in a fuel cell is disclosed. The ion-conducting, sulfonated and crosslinked copolymer is made up of four monomers. The first monomer is an aromatic diol. The second monomer includes two groups, each group capable of reacting with the hydroxy groups of the first monomer, and each group independently selected from a nitro group and a halogen group. The third monomer is one of the first monomer or the second monomer, except that one of the hydrogen atoms attached to a benzene ring is substituted with —SO3Y, where Y is selected from hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and trialkyl ammonium of the form HNR3 where R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The fourth monomer includes at least three groups, each independently selected from a hydroxy group, a nitro group, and a halogen group.
Abstract:
A circuit board and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. Embodiments of the circuit board may include a dielectric substrate, a first via structure comprising a first via-hole, which is defined through the dielectric substrate, and a plurality of first vias that are formed on an inner wall of the first via-hole and to connect a plurality of signal patterns positioned on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate.
Abstract:
Provided is a memory system with an inductor. In the memory system, the inductor is connected to an on-die termination unit of a memory chip, thereby realizing constant gain characteristics without respect to a variation in an operating frequency. The inductor of the on-die termination unit may be embodied by connecting a wire bonding, a package line pattern, a PCB line pattern, a wire line, and/or an inductor device to pads of the memory chip.