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    Nephelometer having means semiautomatically canceling components from scattering by particles smaller or larger than those of interest
    14.
    发明授权
    Nephelometer having means semiautomatically canceling components from scattering by particles smaller or larger than those of interest 失效
    浊度计具有半自动消除部件不被感兴趣的粒子小于或大于粒子散射的装置

    公开(公告)号：US4363551A

    公开(公告)日：1982-12-14

    申请号：US176303

    申请日：1980-08-08

    Applicant: Eugene K. Achter ,  Jerome C. Kremen ,  Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Paolo Priarone

    Inventor： Eugene K. Achter ,  Jerome C. Kremen ,  Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Paolo Priarone

    IPC: G01N21/51 ,  G01N21/00

    CPC classification number: G01N21/51

    Abstract: An improved nephelometer for immunochemical complex assay measures forward light scatter in samples. The angle of forward scatter, about 30.degree., is small enough to result in a large amount of forward scatter from the immunochemical complex particles which are to be assayed, whose size is of the order of the wave length of the light used in the optical system. Forward scattering from smaller particles, such as from molecules of buffer, antibody and serum, is constant during the course of a test, and is compensated for by the use of subtraction circuits which are readily and semiautomatically adjusted to subtract proper values, in accordance with the readings taken on standard or "blank" samples of buffer, antibody and serum. Forward scattering from large particles, such as dust, is variable, and results in fluctuating signals, which are electrically processed to ignore the spurious peaks. The results of a test are displayed on a digital read out meter.Also described is a method of and protocol for immunochemical assay, whereby the amount of antigen originally present in a sample is determined by adding a known amount of antibody, and by assaying the "blank" component ingredients and the resulting mixture.

    Abstract translation: 用于免疫化学复合物测定的改进的浊度计测量样品中的向前光散射。 约30°的前向散射角度足够小，导致要测定的免疫化学复合物颗粒的大量前向散射，其尺寸为光学中使用的光的波长的数量级 系统。 来自较小颗粒（例如来自缓冲液，抗体和血清的分子）的正向散射在测试过程中是恒定的，并且通过使用容易和半自动调整以减去适当值的减法电路进行补偿，以根据 在缓冲液，抗体和血清的标准或“空白”样品上读取的读数。 来自大颗粒（例如灰尘）的正向散射是可变的，并且导致波动的信号，其被电处理以忽略杂散峰。 测试结果显示在数字读出仪表上。 还描述了用于免疫化学测定的方法和方案，由此通过加入已知量的抗体，并通过测定“空白”组分成分和所得混合物来测定样品中原始存在的抗原量。

    Determination of white blood cell differential and reticulocyte counts
    16.
    发明授权
    Determination of white blood cell differential and reticulocyte counts 有权
    测定白细胞差异和网织红细胞计数

    公开(公告)号：US06350613B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-26

    申请号：US09252153

    申请日：1999-02-18

    Applicant: Stephen C. Wardlaw ,  Robert A. Levine ,  Rodolfo R. Rodriguez

    Inventor： Stephen C. Wardlaw ,  Robert A. Levine ,  Rodolfo R. Rodriguez

    IPC: G01N3100

    CPC classification number: G01N15/1475 ,  G01N33/5094 ,  G01N2015/0076 ,  G01N2015/0092 ,  G01N2015/1472 ,  G01N2015/1497 ,  Y10T436/10 ,  Y10T436/101666

    Abstract: Target nucleated cells, and target cells containing remnant ribosomal material, which are present in a quiescent anticoagulated whole blood sample are optically detected, enumerated, and analyzed in a sample chamber that has a varying through plane thickness due to convergent opposing sample chamber walls. At least one of the convergent walls of the chamber is transparent so that the blood sample can be observed. The chamber's varying thickness produces a first lesser thickness region in the chamber wherein individual red cells and quiescent monolayers of red cells in the sample will reside after the sample is introduced into and fills the chamber. Larger formed constituents such as white blood cells and nucleated red blood cells present in the sample will reside in greater thickness regions of the chamber, and non-nucleated red cells which reside in such greater thickness regions will agglomerate to form rouleaux. By admixing fluorescent dyes with the blood sample, target cells in the sample can be enumerated and differentiated by means of a scanning instrument which is able to measure different wave length color signals emitted from the target cells in the sample, and differentiate the target cells one from another by reason of the nature of the emitted color signals.

    Abstract translation: 目标有核细胞和含有剩余核糖体材料的靶细胞，其存在于静止抗凝全血样品中，由于收敛的相对的样品室壁在具有不同的平面厚度的样品室中进行光学检测，计数和分析。 室的收敛壁中的至少一个是透明的，使得可以观察血液样本。 室的不同厚度在腔室中产生第一较小的厚度区域，其中在将样品引入并填充室之后，样品中红细胞的各个红细胞和静止单层将驻留。 存在于样品中的较大的成形组分如白细胞和有核红细胞将驻留在室的较大厚度区域中，并且驻留在这样较厚的区域中的未成核的红细胞将聚集形成rouleaux。 通过将荧光染料与血液样品混合，样品中的靶细胞可以通过能够测量样品中靶细胞发射的不同波长颜色信号的扫描仪器进行枚举和分化，并将靶细胞分化为一 由于发射的颜色信号的性质，从另一个。

    Assay of blood or other biologic samples for target analytes
    17.
    发明授权
    Assay of blood or other biologic samples for target analytes 失效
    测定目标分析物的血液或其他生物样品

    公开(公告)号：US5776710A

    公开(公告)日：1998-07-07

    申请号：US771507

    申请日：1996-12-23

    Applicant: Robert A. Levine ,  Stephen C. Wardlaw ,  Leon W. M. M. Terstappen ,  Kristen L. Manion ,  Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Adrien P. Malick ,  Subhash Dhanesar ,  Stephen J. Lovell ,  Alvydas J. Ozinskas

    Inventor： Robert A. Levine ,  Stephen C. Wardlaw ,  Leon W. M. M. Terstappen ,  Kristen L. Manion ,  Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Adrien P. Malick ,  Subhash Dhanesar ,  Stephen J. Lovell ,  Alvydas J. Ozinskas

    IPC: G01N33/543 ,  B01L3/14 ,  G01N33/49 ,  G01N33/537 ,  G01N33/569 ,  G01N33/58 ,  G01N33/558

    CPC classification number: B01L3/5021 ,  G01N33/491 ,  G01N33/5375 ,  G01N33/56972 ,  G01N33/585 ,  Y10S435/81 ,  Y10S435/967 ,  Y10S435/971 ,  Y10S435/973 ,  Y10S436/805 ,  Y10S436/81 ,  Y10S436/824 ,  Y10S436/829 ,  Y10T436/111666

    Abstract: A patient's health may be diagnosed by centrifuging blood samples in a transparent tube, which tube contains one or more bodies or groups of bodies such as floats, inserts, liposomes, or plastic beads of different densities. Each density-defined body carries analyte-capture binding materials such as antigens or antibodies, which are specific to an epitope, or other specific high affinity binding site on a target analyte which target analyte may be in the blood or other sample being tested; and the level of which analyte is indicative of the patient's health. At least one labeled binding material which is also specific to an epitope, or other specific high affinity binding site on the target analyte is added to the sample so as to form labeled binding material/analyte/body complexes in the sample. Upon centrifugation, the complexes will settle out in different areas in the tube according to the respective density of the body or bodies; and the degree of label emission of the complex layers can enable qualitative and/or quantitative analyses of the sample to be made. Unbound labeled binding materials will be separated from the complexed layers by the washing action of ascending or descending components of the sample during the centrifugation step. Unbound labeled binding material will thus not interfere with the analysis.

    Abstract translation: 可以通过将透明管中的血液样品离心来诊断患者的健康，该管包含一个或多个不同密度的浮体，插入物，脂质体或塑料珠的主体或组。 每个密度定义的身体携带分析物 - 捕获结合材料，例如抗原或抗体，其对靶分析物是特异性的，或靶分析物上的其它特异性高亲和力结合位点，其目标分析物可能在待测试的血液或其他样品中; 并且其分析物的水平表示患者的健康。 将至少一种对靶分析物上的表位或其他特异性高亲和力结合位点特异性的标记结合物质加入到样品中，以便在样品中形成标记的结合材料/分析物/身体复合物。 离心后，复合物将根据身体或身体的相应密度沉淀在管中的不同区域; 并且复合层的标签发射程度可以使得要进行样品的定性和/或定量分析。 通过在离心步骤期间样品的上升或下降组分的洗涤作用，未结合的标记结合材料将从复合层分离。 因此，未结合的标签结合材料不会影响分析。

    Modular chemical analysis system
    18.
    发明授权
    Modular chemical analysis system 失效
    模块化学分析系统

    公开(公告)号：US4169125A

    公开(公告)日：1979-09-25

    申请号：US787625

    申请日：1977-04-14

    Applicant: Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Eugene K. Achter ,  Carlton D. Deaton ,  Herbert Goldsmith ,  Horton E. Dorman

    Inventor： Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Eugene K. Achter ,  Carlton D. Deaton ,  Herbert Goldsmith ,  Horton E. Dorman

    IPC: G01N33/48 ,  G01N35/02 ,  G01N35/10 ,  G01N33/16 ,  G01N21/24

    CPC classification number: G01N35/026 ,  G01N2035/1025

    Abstract: The modular chemical analysis system includes a first module or sample preparation apparatus for preparing sample solutions, a second module including a nephelometer apparatus comprising a stationary flow cell, mechanisms for moving sample solutions into and out of the flow cell, light generating means for passing light through the flow cell, electric circuitry for sensing the relative light scattered (R.L.S.) by the solution or particles in the solution in the flow cell and a third module comprising a microprocessing/calculator having a tape cartridge program. The microprocessor is coupled to the nephelometer apparatus (and, if desired, is also coupled to the sample preparation apparatus) for controlling operation of the nephelometer apparatus (and, if desired, to control the sample preparation apparatus). Also, the output from the nephelometer apparatus is coupled to the microprocessor which receives R.L.S. values and known concentration values for some solutions from which R.L.S. values were obtained. The microprocessor then calculates curve fit parameters for a polynomial regression curve equation, performs a Newton-Raphson inversion on the equation and calculated parameters to automatically calculate concentration values for R.L.S. values obtained from unknown test solutions thereby to obtain calculated concentration values from R.L.S. measurements.

    Abstract translation: 模块化化学分析系统包括用于制备样品溶液的第一模块或样品制备装置，包括浊度计装置的第二模块，包括固定流动池，用于将样品溶液移入和流出流动池的机构，用于使光通过的光产生装置 通过流动池，用于通过流动池中的溶液中的溶液或颗粒感测相对光散射（RLS）的电路和包括具有带盒程序的微处理/计算器的第三模块。 微处理器耦合到浊度计装置（并且如果需要，还耦合到样品制备装置），用于控制浊度计装置的操作（并且如果需要，控制样品制备装置）。 此外，来自浊度计装置的输出耦合到接收R.L.S.的微处理器。 一些解决方案的值和已知浓度值。 获得了数值。 然后微处理器计算多项式回归曲线方程的曲线拟合参数，对方程执行牛顿 - 拉夫逊反演，并计算参数以自动计算R.L.S的浓度值。 从未知测试溶液获得的值，从而获得来自R.L.S.的计算浓度值。 测量。

    Material layer volume determination with correction band
    20.
    发明授权
    Material layer volume determination with correction band 失效
    材料层体积确定与校正带

    公开(公告)号：US4823624A

    公开(公告)日：1989-04-25

    申请号：US248632

    申请日：1988-09-26

    Applicant: Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Matthew W. Lesniesky ,  Charles F. Galanaugh ,  Robert A. Levine ,  Stephen C. Wardlaw ,  Theodore Juraschek

    Inventor： Rodolfo R. Rodriguez ,  Matthew W. Lesniesky ,  Charles F. Galanaugh ,  Robert A. Levine ,  Stephen C. Wardlaw ,  Theodore Juraschek

    IPC: B01L3/14 ,  G01N15/05 ,  A61B5/14

    CPC classification number: B01L3/50215 ,  G01N15/05

    Abstract: A centrifuge tube is used to hold a mixture of several constituents, and also contains a generally cylindrical float. The float settles, after centrifugation, into the zone occupied by the constituent whose volume is to be measured. The constituent layer will settle, after centrifugation, into the annular space between the tube bore and the outside of the float, and will be expanded axially due to the restricted volume of the annular space. The degree of expansion is dependent upon the respective sizes of the float O.D. and the tube bore ID, both of which must be closely controlled for accurate results. A known volume of a control material is placed in the tube to settle into the annular space during centrifugation in an area thereof outside of the constituent layer zone. The length of the band of the control material is measured after centrifugation and is compared to a known length which will result if the annular space is of the proper target volume. A correction factor is thus obtained and applied to all of the other constituent layers which were measured. The band thus forms a varying reference which reflects the actual volume of the annulus.

    Abstract translation: 离心管用于容纳几种成分的混合物，并且还包含一般为圆柱形的浮子。 离心后，浮子沉降到被测量体积所占据的区域内。 构成层在离心后将沉淀到管孔和浮体外部之间的环形空间中，并且由于环形空间的体积受限制而将轴向膨胀。 膨胀程度取决于浮子O.D的各自尺寸。 和管孔ID，两者都必须严格控制以获得准确的结果。 将已知体积的对照材料放置在管中，以便在构成层区域外的区域中离心期间沉降到环形空间中。 在离心后测量对照材料带的长度，并将其与已知的长度进行比较，如果环形空间具有适当的目标体积，则该长度将产生。 因此获得校正因子并将其应用于所测量的所有其它构成层。 因此，带形成变化的参考，其反映环的实际体积。

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