公开(公告)号：US4912531A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-27

申请号：US626551

申请日：1984-06-29

申请人： Mark A. Reed ,  Robert T. Bate

发明人： Mark A. Reed ,  Robert T. Bate

IPC分类号： H01L29/80 ,  H01L21/335 ,  H01L27/10 ,  H01L29/06 ,  H01L29/15 ,  H01L29/32 ,  H01L29/68 ,  H01L29/76

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L29/151 ,  H01L29/158 ,  H01L29/32 ,  H01L29/66469 ,  H01L29/7606

摘要： A three-terminal quantum well device, which functions somewhat analogously to an MOS transistor. That is, the three terminals of the device can generally be considered as source, gate, and drain. An output contact is connected by tunneling to a number of parallel chains of quantum wells, each well being small enough that the energy levels in the well are quantized discretely. In each of these chains of wells, the second well is coupled to a common second conductor, and the first well is electronically coupled to a common first conductor.

摘要翻译： 三端子量子阱器件，其功能有点类似于MOS晶体管。 也就是说，器件的三个端子通常可以被认为是源极，栅极和漏极。 输出触点通过隧道连接到多个量子阱的平行链，每个阱都足够小，使得阱中的能级离散地被量化。 在这些油井链中的每一个中，第二井被连接到共同的第二导体，并且第一井电连接到共同的第一导体。

公开(公告)号：US4878104A

公开(公告)日：1989-10-31

申请号：US725030

申请日：1985-04-19

申请人： Mark A. Reed ,  Gary A. Frazier

发明人： Mark A. Reed ,  Gary A. Frazier

IPC分类号： H01L29/762 ,  H01L21/339 ,  H01L27/14 ,  H01L29/76 ,  H01L29/772 ,  H01L31/0352

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  H01L27/14 ,  H01L31/035236 ,  Y10S977/759

摘要： Optically pumped coupled quantum well devices are disclosed. The devices store bits as carrier packets in depressions in the conduction and/or valence band(s) of a single crystal; the band between the depressions is sloped in a common direction which provides unidirectionality. The carrier packets are shifted from depression to depression by optically exciting the carriers and relying on the arrangement of depressions and band slopes; the excitation is conveniently performed by laser illumination. The depressions may be sufficiently small to discretize the energy levels and thereby permit the partitioning of the depressions into groups with each group having depressions of substantially the same energy level structure. The carriers in depressions of one group can then be selectively excited by illumination with a laser or narrow band monochromatic incoherent light source tuned to the energy level structure; this allows multiphase operation of the shifting function.

摘要翻译： 公开了光学泵浦耦合量子阱器件。 器件将位作为载波分组存储在单晶的导通和/或价带中的凹陷中; 凹陷之间的带在相同的方向上倾斜，提供单向性。 通过光学激发载波并依靠凹陷和带状斜率的布置，载波分组从凹陷转移到凹陷; 激发方便地通过激光照射进行。 凹陷可以足够小以离散能量水平，从而允许将凹陷分成几组，每组具有基本上相同的能级结构的凹陷。 然后可以通过用调谐到能级结构的激光或窄带单色非相干光源的照明来选择性地激发一组凹陷中的载流子; 这允许移动功能的多相操作。

公开(公告)号：US4799091A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-17

申请号：US848674

申请日：1986-04-04

申请人： Mark A. Reed

发明人： Mark A. Reed

IPC分类号： H01L27/06 ,  H01L29/32 ,  H01L29/76 ,  H01L29/225 ,  H01L29/88

CPC分类号： H01L29/7606 ,  H01L27/0605 ,  H01L29/32

摘要： Quantum-coupled devices, wherein at least two closely adjacent potential wells, (e.g. islands of GaAs in an AlGaAs lattice) are made small enough that the energy levels of carriers within the wells are discretely quantized. This means that, when the bias between the wells is adjusted to align energy levels of the two wells, tunneling will occur very rapidly, whereas when energy levels are not aligned, tunneling will be greatly reduced. To provide output coupling from these quantum-well devices to macroscopic currents, the output from the quantum-well devices is injected into localized states close to an extremely small metal line (e.g. 200 Angstroms square in section). These trapped charged perturb the resistance of a metal line significantly, so that a conventional sense amplifier can be used for differential sensing between two such narrow metal lines, to provide macroscopic outputs.

摘要翻译： 其中至少两个紧密相邻的势阱（例如AlGaAs晶格中的GaAs的岛）被制成足够小的量子耦合器件，使得阱内的载流子能级离散量化。 这意味着当孔之间的偏置被调整以对准两个井的能量水平时，隧穿将非常快速地发生，而当能级不对齐时，隧道效应将大大降低。 为了提供从这些量子阱器件到宏观电流的输出耦合，来自量子阱器件的输出被注入接近非常小的金属线（例如截面为200埃的正方形）的局部状态。 这些被捕获的电荷显着扰乱了金属线的电阻，使得常规的读出放大器可以用于两个这样的窄金属线之间的差分感测，以提供宏观的输出。

公开(公告)号：US09599614B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-21

申请号：US14005056

申请日：2012-03-14

申请人： Tarek M. Fahmy ,  Aleksandar Vacic ,  Mark A. Reed

发明人： Tarek M. Fahmy ,  Aleksandar Vacic ,  Mark A. Reed

IPC分类号： G01N27/414 ,  G01N33/543

CPC分类号： G01N33/54373 ,  G01N27/4145 ,  G01N27/4146 ,  G01N33/5438

摘要： The present invention relates to uniform nanostructure biosensors and methods of calibrating the response of nanostructure biosensors. The invention overcomes device to device variability that has made quantitative detection difficult. The described biosensors have uniform characteristics that allow for more reliable comparison across devices. The methods of the invention comprise normalizing the initial current rate, as measured by the nanostructure biosensor following the addition of an analyte, to device characteristics of the biosensor. The device characteristics of the biosensor which can be used to normalize the response include baseline current and transconductance. Calibration of responses allows for the generation of calibration curves for use in all devices to quantitatively detect an analyte, without the need for individual device calibration.

公开(公告)号：US20100297608A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-25

申请号：US12517230

申请日：2007-12-06

申请人： Eric D. Stern ,  Tarek M. Fahmy ,  Mark A. Reed ,  Pauline N. Wyremback ,  Daniel Turner-Evans ,  Andrew Hamilton ,  David A. Lavan ,  James F. Klemic ,  David A. Routenberg

发明人： Eric D. Stern ,  Tarek M. Fahmy ,  Mark A. Reed ,  Pauline N. Wyremback ,  Daniel Turner-Evans ,  Andrew Hamilton ,  David A. Lavan ,  James F. Klemic ,  David A. Routenberg

IPC分类号： C12Q1/70 ,  H01L29/772 ,  H01L21/302 ,  C12Q1/02 ,  G01N33/53 ,  C12Q1/68

CPC分类号： H01L29/0665 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G01N27/4146 ,  H01L29/045 ,  H01L29/0673 ,  H01L29/16

摘要： The systems and methods described herein include a sensor for suitable for sensing chemical and biological substances. The sensor comprises a semiconductor layer formed in or on a substrate and a channel having nano-scale dimensions formed in the semiconductor layer, where the structure creates an electrically conducting pathway between a first contact and a second contact on the semiconductor layer. In certain preferred embodiments, the nano-scale channel has a trapezoidal cross-section with an effective width and exposed lateral faces, where the effective width is selected to have same order of magnitude as a Debye length (LD) of the semiconductor material of which the semiconductor layer is formed.

摘要翻译： 本文所述的系统和方法包括适于感测化学和生物物质的传感器。 传感器包括形成在衬底中或衬底上的半导体层和形成在半导体层中的具有纳米级尺寸的沟道，其中该结构在半导体层上的第一接触和第二接触之间形成导电通路。 在某些优选实施例中，纳米尺度通道具有具有有效宽度和暴露侧面的梯形横截面，其中有效宽度被选择为具有与其半导体材料的德拜长度（LD）相同的数量级 形成半导体层。

公开(公告)号：US20100184104A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-22

申请号：US12535396

申请日：2009-08-04

申请人： Tarek M. FAHMY ,  Eric D. Stern ,  Mark A. Reed ,  Aleksandar Vacic

发明人： Tarek M. FAHMY ,  Eric D. Stern ,  Mark A. Reed ,  Aleksandar Vacic

IPC分类号： G01N33/53 ,  C12M1/00

CPC分类号： G01N33/54366 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N33/6863 ,  G01N33/6866 ,  G01N33/6869 ,  G01N2333/54 ,  G01N2333/555 ,  G01N2333/98

摘要： The present invention relates to a device and method for determining the presence of a specific compound in solution. The device includes a nanosensor having an electrically conducting pathway between at least a first and second contact. The device also includes a first receptor, suitable for binding a specific compound in the solution, attached to the nanosensor, and a second receptor also suitable for binding the specific compound while the specific compound is bound to the first receptor. The second receptor is attached to an enzyme added to the solution. When the solution having the second receptor is added to the device, and a second compound that is a substrate for the enzyme is subsequently added to the solution, a measured difference in an electrical property in the device before and after the application of the second compound is indicative of the presence of the specific compound in the solution.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于测定溶液中特定化合物的存在的装置和方法。 该装置包括在至少第一和第二接触之间具有导电路径的纳米传感器。 该装置还包括适于结合附着于纳米传感器的溶液中的特定化合物的第一受体，以及也适于结合特定化合物而第二受体，而特异性化合物与第一受体结合。 第二受体与添加到溶液中的酶连接。 当将具有第二受体的溶液加入到装置中，并且随后将另外作为酶底物的第二化合物加入到溶液中时，测量第二化合物施用前后装置的电性能差异 表明该溶液中特定化合物的存在。

公开(公告)号：US06756605B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-29

申请号：US09551716

申请日：2000-04-18

申请人： Mark A. Reed ,  James M. Tour ,  Jia Chen ,  Adam M. Rawlett ,  David W. Price

发明人： Mark A. Reed ,  James M. Tour ,  Jia Chen ,  Adam M. Rawlett ,  David W. Price

IPC分类号： H01L3524

CPC分类号： G11C13/0014 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  G11C13/0016 ,  H01L51/0595 ,  Y10S977/936

摘要： Molecular scale electronic devices are disclosed. Such devices include at least two conductive contacts, and a conductive path bridging the contacts. The conductive path is able to be written into a perturbed state by a voltage pulse, which can be of high or low conductivity, relative to an initial state. The conductive path comprises organic molecules including at least one electron-withdrawing group. Room temperature negative differential resistance is exhibited by the devices.

摘要翻译： 公开了分子规模的电子器件。 这样的装置包括至少两个导电触点和桥接触点的导电路径。 导电路径能够被相对于初始状态的电压脉冲写入扰动状态，电压脉冲可以具有高或低导电性。 导电路径包括包括至少一个吸电子基团的有机分子。 器件表现出室温负差分电阻。

公开(公告)号：US5751156A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-12

申请号：US486960

申请日：1995-06-07

申请人： Christiaan Muller ,  Chong Wu Zhou ,  Mark A. Reed

发明人： Christiaan Muller ,  Chong Wu Zhou ,  Mark A. Reed

IPC分类号： G01B7/16 ,  G01L1/00 ,  G01P15/08 ,  G01R19/00 ,  G01R27/14

CPC分类号： G01P15/0894 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G01B7/16 ,  G01L1/005

摘要： A micromechanical sensor in which the impedance of a gap in a conductor, under tunnelling current conditions, is sensed to provide an indication of deflection in the conductor. This provides a new way to sense acceleration, strain, and other parameters which can be translated into a deflection.

摘要翻译： 一种微机械传感器，其中在隧道电流条件下，导体中的间隙的阻抗被感测以提供导体中的偏转的指示。 这提供了一种感觉可以转化为偏转的加速度，应变和其他参数的新方法。

公开(公告)号：US4851886A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-25

申请号：US872795

申请日：1986-06-11

申请人： Jhang W. Lee ,  Mark A. Reed

发明人： Jhang W. Lee ,  Mark A. Reed

IPC分类号： H01L47/00 ,  H01L29/06 ,  H01L29/15 ,  H01L29/201 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/86 ,  H01L29/88

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L29/155 ,  H01L29/882

摘要： A resonant tunneling diode (30) with anode (40) and cathode (32) separated by binary short-period superlattice tunneling barriers (34,38) with a quantum well (36) between is disclosed. Enhancement and depletion mode diodes are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有阳极（40）和阴极（32）的谐振隧道二极管（30），其间隔二极短周期超晶格隧穿势垒（34,38）与量子阱（36）之间。 公开了增强和耗尽型二极管。

公开(公告)号：US4581621A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-08

申请号：US626806

申请日：1984-07-02

申请人： Mark A. Reed

发明人： Mark A. Reed

IPC分类号： H01L29/80 ,  H01L27/06 ,  H01L27/10 ,  H01L29/06 ,  H01L29/32 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/68 ,  H01L29/76 ,  H01L29/225 ,  H01L29/88

CPC分类号： H01L27/0605 ,  H01L29/32 ,  H01L29/7606

摘要： Quantum-coupled devices, wherein at least two closely adjacent potential wells, (e.g. islands of GaAs in an AlGaAs lattice) are made small enough that the energy levels of carriers within the wells are discretely quantized. This means that, when the bias between the wells is adjusted to align energy levels of the two wells, tunneling will occur very rapidly, whereas when energy levels are not aligned, tunneling will be greatly reduced. To provide output coupling from these quantum-well devices to macroscopic currents, the output from the quantum-well devices is injected into localized states close to an extremely small metal line (e.g. 200 Angstroms square in section). These trapped charged perturb the resistance of a metal line significantly, so that a conventional sense amplifier can be used for differential sensing between two such narrow metal lines, to provide macroscopic outputs.

摘要翻译： 其中至少两个紧密相邻的势阱（例如AlGaAs晶格中的GaAs的岛）被制成足够小的量子耦合器件，使得阱内的载流子能级离散量化。 这意味着当孔之间的偏置被调整以对准两个井的能量水平时，隧穿将非常快速地发生，而当能级不对齐时，隧道效应将大大降低。 为了提供从这些量子阱器件到宏观电流的输出耦合，来自量子阱器件的输出被注入接近非常小的金属线（例如截面为200埃的正方形）的局部状态。 这些被捕获的电荷显着扰乱了金属线的电阻，使得常规的读出放大器可以用于两个这样的窄金属线之间的差分感测，以提供宏观的输出。