摘要:
Information recording/reproducing apparatus and method by use of probe electrodes are disclosed. In this method, information to be recorded on a recording medium is encoded. The encoded information is distributed to a plurality of probe electrodes. The plurality of probe electrodes are driven on the basis of the distributed information so as to record the information on the recording medium. In reproduction, the information recorded on the recording medium is read out from the recording medium by use of the plurality of probe electrodes. The information read out from the recording medium is stored by use of the plurality of probe electrodes. The stored information is decoded to reproduce the information recorded on the recording medium. The encoding is performed by changing the information to be recorded to information added with an error correction code.
摘要:
There is disclosed an information recording/ reproducing apparatus utilizing a probe electrode and a recording medium, based on the principle of scanning tunnel microscope. When a track groove on the recording medium is detected, the distance control between the probe electrode and the recording medium is suspended. Consequently, the tip of the probe electrode does not enter the track groove, and is prevented from collision with the recording medium. The scanning speed of the probe electrode can, therefore, be increased without the danger of such collision.
摘要:
A cantilever unit comprises a cantilever for supporting a probe and a displacement amount detecting means, the displacement amount detecting means being integrated with the cantilever. An information processing apparatus comprises the cantilever unit and optionally an information recording medium stationed in close vicinity to the unit, wherein an information in the medium is reproduced at a signal on the basis of an displacement amount of the cantilever. An atomic force microscope and magnetic force microscope comprise the cantilever unit, respectively.
摘要:
In an apparatus including a recording medium on which a multiplicity of information bit lines are formed and a probe facing the recording medium, the displacement between the center of the information bit line and the locus of the probe is detected at the time of relatively moving the probe along the information bit line. Tracking is performed in such a manner that the probe scans the center of the information bit line in accordance with the detection results.
摘要:
A microtip has a tip portion formed by gathering of three crystal faces of a single crystal, at least one of the crystal faces being an etched face at and around the tip portion. The microtip is produced by breaking and splitting a single crystal by applying a stress, and subjecting the face formed by breaking of the single crystal to anisotropic etching by utilizing facial orientation, thus forming a tip portion as a gathering point of three crystal faces of the single crystal. A surface-observing apparatus for observing a surface of a specimen and an information-treating apparatus comprise a tip in proximity to the specimen to be observed or a recording medium, and conduct the surface observation or the writing or reading by using the tip, respectively.
摘要:
A photoelectric conversion device comprises plural photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a linear array, plural common lines each connecting at least two of individual output electrodes of the plural photoelectric conversion elements, conductor layers of a constant potential provided in the vicinity of crossing portions of the individual output electrodes and said common lines, and wirings mutually connecting the conductor layers.
摘要:
An image readout apparatus includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, storage devices provided for each of the photoelectric conversion elements for storing each output signal from the photoelectric conversion elements, and discharge switches provided each in parallel with each of the storage devices. In the image readout apparatus, the photoelectric conversion elements and discharge switches are respectively divided into a predetermined number of blocks and the signal transference is performed collectively for each block, thus enabling a high-speed and reliable operation.
摘要:
There is a photoelectric converting apparatus in which (N.times.M) photoelectric converting elements arranged in a one-dimensional array form are connected to N voltage applying electrodes and M signal readout electrodes in a matrix form. In this apparatus, the wiring crossing portions of the matrix connection are provided on the side of the voltage applying electrodes, and the insulation of the wiring crossing portion is formed as the laminated structure by a photoconductive layer and a high resistance layer.
摘要:
A matrix panel drive control apparatus having improved display peak luminance and reduced black level luminance, permitting further improved contrast, includes a row selection circuit for selecting at least one row from among a plurality of rows of the matrix panel, a column drive circuit for supplying a modulation signal based on pixel data to a plurality of columns of the matrix panel, a clock signal supplying circuit for supplying a reference clock signal for controlling at least the pulse width of the modulation signal to the column drive circuit, and a control circuit for setting the length of the selection period and the cycle of the reference clock signal for each selected row on the basis of the pixel data. The control circuit carries out control so as to extend the cycle of the reference clock signal for a selected row having a longer selection period.
摘要:
A display apparatus comprises a first substrate provided with a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element and a second substrate provided with another electrode, and produces a display by electro-optical change generated between these substrates. Visibility of the display is improved in such a way that rays of light incident on the display apparatus are converted into diffusion light. Photoconductive material, in particular amorphous silicon, can be used by covering semiconductive portions of the thin film transistor array of the display apparatus with an intercepting member. In a display apparatus using a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element, a conductive surface electrically insulated from gate lines on a substrate on where the gate lines for the thin film transistor array are formed, such conductive surface acts as a counter electrode of capacitors for storing charge. Therefore the counter electrode of capacitors is separately formed from gate lines, and writing driving voltage can be set without taking effects of voltage change of gate lines into consideration. Shading layers comprising a plurality of color filters also cover each of the thin film transistors.