Abstract:
A fuel reforming apparatus comprising a liquid feed heating portion, an evaporation portion, a steam superheating portion, a reforming portion, a shift reaction portion, a CO oxidization portion, a catalytic combustion portion, and a heat recovery portion. These portions are constituted by flat plates provided with heat-transfer fins in the interior and are stacked into an integral structure, thereby obtaining a temperature distribution along a stacked direction so that the flat plate elements reach a temperature suitable for reforming, combustion, evaporation, shift, and CO oxidization.
Abstract:
The invention provides a flow module comprising sandwiched plate elements, with at least one of each pair of adjacent plate element surfaces having a profiling which has a linear parallel construction so that a plurality of linear parallel flow ducts is formed between adjacent plate elements. These flow ducts can be charged with a first and a second fluid in an alternating manner by way of feeding and removal ducts formed by mutually aligned openings in the plate elements. To seal off the flow spaces and the feeding and removal ducts, seals are provided, and the openings for the feeding and removal ducts extend essentially across the whole end area of the profiling so that a distinct feeding and removal space is formed. According to the invention, for a mechanical stabilization several webs are arranged in the openings for the feeding and removal ducts in the profiled plate elements. These webs which are arranged in the inlet area or outlet area of the profiling end below the plate element surface.
Abstract:
A reaction method includes, in a gas-liquid reaction performed using a solid catalyst, alternately allowing a gaseous raw material that includes a first raw material and a liquid raw material that includes a second raw material to pass through a reaction field that holds the solid catalyst, and reacting the first and second raw materials on the solid catalyst.
Abstract:
Disclosed are methods and systems for hydrogen isotope exchange of organic molecules that can be carried out with no alteration in the chemical structure of the organic molecules. Methods can be utilized to incorporate a particular hydrogen isotope on an organic molecule (e.g., deuteration or tritiation) or to remove a particular hydrogen isotope from an organic molecule (e.g., detritiation).
Abstract:
A honeycomb substrate holder for holding a honeycomb substrate, the honeycomb substrate holder comprising: an elastically deformable cylindrical inner circumferential wall; a cylindrical outer circumferential wall located outside the cylindrical inner circumferential wall with a cylindrical gap from the cylindrical inner circumferential wall; and two end faces sealing the cylindrical gap together with the cylindrical inner circumferential wall and the cylindrical outer circumferential wall, A honeycomb substrate can be inserted on the axial side of the cylindrical inner circumferential wall. Fluid can be circulated or held in the cylindrical gap. The cylindrical inner circumferential wall can be elastically deformed and pressed against an outer circumferential surface of the honeycomb substrate by pressurizing the fluid in the cylindrical gap.
Abstract:
A catalytic membrane composite that includes porous supported catalyst particles durably enmeshed in a porous fibrillated polymer membrane is provided. The porous fibrillated polymer membrane may be manipulated to take the form of a tube, disc, or diced tape and used in multiphase reaction systems. The supported catalyst particles are composed of at least one finely divided metal catalyst dispersed on a porous support substrate. High catalytic activity is gained by the effective fine dispersion of the finely divided metal catalyst such that the metal catalyst covers the support substrate and/or is interspersed in the pores of the support substrate. In some embodiments, the catalytic membrane composite may be introduced to a stirred tank autoclave reactor system, a continuous flow reactor system, or a Parr Shaker reaction system and used to effect the catalytic reaction.
Abstract:
The disclosure concerns systems and methods for the production of phenol and acetone from cumene oxidation products. One method comprises reacting cumene and an oxidizing agent to produce a cumene oxidation product comprising cumene hydroperoxide and dimethyl benzyl alcohol, converting at least a portion of the dimethyl benzyl alcohol to cumene hydroperoxide by reacting the at least a portion of the dimethyl benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide in both an organic phase and an aqueous to produce a converted cumene oxidation product, and cleaving the converted cumene oxidation product to produce an output product comprising one or more of phenol, acetone, and alpha-methylstyrene.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device comprising at least one porous element consisting of specific solid metallic structure which allows cross-flow of the material through the porous element and wherein the porous element is coated by a non-acidic metal oxide which is impregnated by palladium (Pd).
Abstract:
Surface-active solid-phase catalyst activity may be substantially improved by creating deliberate repetitive surface-to-surface contact between portions of the active surfaces of catalyst objects. While they are immersed in reactant material such contact between portions of the active surfaces of catalyst objects can substantially activate the surfaces of many heterogeneous catalysts. Examples are given of such action employing a multitude of predetermined shapes, supported catalyst structures, etc. agitated or otherwise brought into contact to produce numerous surface collisions. One embodiment employs a gear pump mechanism with catalytically active-surfaced gear teeth to create the repetitive transient contacting action during pumping of a flow of reactant. The invention is applicable to many other forms for creating transient catalytic surface contacting action. Optionally catalytic output of such systems may be significantly further improved by employing radiant energy or vibration.
Abstract:
A process for converting polyhydric alcohols to monoalcohols in a counter current column reactor with a metal based catalyst supported on a porous membrane coated over a tubular system that delivers hydrogen where a hydrocarbon (low polarity) liquid solvent is fed at the bottom of the column reactor and an aqueous liquid having polyhydric alcohols therein is fed into the top of the reactor such that the aqueous liquid flows countercurrent to the low polarity solvent liquid and further wherein the low polarity solvent liquid is less dense than the aqueous liquid such that the two liquids are subject to phase separation. Monoalcohols are formed by hydrogenolysis reactions of polyhydric alcohols on the metal catalyst. Monoalcohols phase separate from the aqueous phase to the hydrocarbon solvent. Monoalcohols are further separated from the organic solvent.