摘要:
A method for detecting a slope of a surface of an information record medium in an apparatus for detecting/writing information using one or a plurality of probes from/in the information record medium. The surface of the information record medium is scanned using the probe. The information from the surface of the information record medium is detected through the probe when the scanning is executed, and the slope of the surface of the information record medium is detected on the basis of the detected information.
摘要:
An edge detector is disclosed, which detector is improved by providing a probe moving relatively with a tested pattern, a device for detecting a working force or a tunnel current generated between the probe and the tested pattern, and a device for detecting an edge of the tested pattern according to the detected working force or tunnel current. An edge of the tested pattern is detected at high resolution by detecting the tunnel current flowing between a conductive tested pattern and a probe kept closely opposite thereto, or by detecting an atomic force or a magnetic force working between an insulated or a magnetic tested pattern and a lever.
摘要:
A driving apparatus for driving an object comprises a pair of piezoelectric elements, one of them being arranged on the one side of the object while the other of them on the other side of the object, and the respective electrode arrangement directions of the pair of piezoelectric elements being substantially identical to each other, and a control circuit which applies a predetermined voltage across the outer electrodes of the pair of piezoelectric elements respectively, gives an equipotential to the inner electrodes thereof, and causes the pair of piezoelectric elements to drive the object by varying the value of the potential given to the inner electrodes. Hence, the increased amount of a voltage applied to one piezoelectric element is exactly identical to the decreased amount for the other so as to make the extended and contracted amounts of the piezoelectric elements on both sides of the object the same. Consequently, no useless stress is given to the piezoelectric elements for the prevention of the deterioration of the elements to implement a precise fine driving over a long period.
摘要:
A microprobe is provided which comprises a single crystal provided on a part of one main surface of a substrate or a part of a thin film formed on one main surface of the substrate. The microprobe may have a single crystal having an apex portion surrounded by facets having a specific plane direction and comprising a specific crystal face. The method for preparing the microprobe and an electronic device employing the microprobe also provided which is useful for recording and reproducing.
摘要:
A probe unit comprises a substrate, a first electrode formed on the substrate, a bridge-shaped flexible member formed on the substrate and insulated by a cavity from the first electrode, and a probe provided in contact with the flexible member. The flexible member is constituted of a laminate comprising a second electrode layer, an insulating layer, and a third electrode layer for applying a voltage to the probe. The first electrode may be included in the flexible member. A piezoelectric layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an image display apparatus having a hermetic container as constructive members, a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and an image display disposed within the hermetic container, includes a step of disposing a conductive bonding member between the first substrate and the second substrate. Additional steps include sealing the first substrate and the second substrate by heating the conductive bonding member, and specifying an electric potential of the conductive bonding member.
摘要:
A display device equipped with a display unit for displaying information includes a terminal connected to the display unit and adapted to supply a predetermined potential to an electrode in the display unit, an insulator provided outside the display unit and adapted to cover the terminal, and a support structure for supporting the display unit, the display device characterized by having one of the following features (1) The support structure is equipped with a retaining portion for retaining the insulator independently of the support of the display unit. (2) It is equipped with a guide for guiding the conductor cable along the conductor cable between the terminal and the power source. (3) At least a part of the drive circuit is arranged such that the orthogonal projection thereof on a predetermined surface of the display unit overlaps the terminal, and in the portion where the drive circuit and the terminal overlap each other, a conductor to which a reference potential lower than the predetermined potential is imparted is provided between the drive circuit and the terminal such that it is insulated from each of the drive circuit and the terminal.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a first substrate on which a plurality of electron-emitting devices and drive wiring for driving the plurality of electron-emitting devices are arranged, and a second substrate on which an image forming member and lead wiring connected to the image forming member are arranged. The first and second substrates are disposed in opposition to each other, and the plurality of electron-emitting devices, the drive wiring, the image forming member and the lead wiring are disposed within an envelope which is formed between the first and second substrates. The lead wiring extends to a corner of the first substrate and is in contact with an electroconductive terminal, and the electroconductive terminal extends from a contact portion with the lead wiring toward the first substrate and is partially exposed outside of the envelope through an opening formed in the first substrate. In addition, a wiring of a defined potential is disposed between the opening and the driving wiring in the envelope.
摘要:
Abnormal discharge of an electron-emitting apparatus is suppressed and a thin electric earth connection structure is realized at a low cost. An image-forming apparatus has: a rear plate formed with electron-emitting devices; a face plate facing the rear plate, the face plate being formed with a phosphor which displays an image by emitting light upon incidence of an electron beam emitted from the electron-emitting device and an electrode applied with a voltage to accelerate the electron beam; a frame sandwiched and coupled between the rear and face plates and constituting a vacuum container together with the rear and face plates; a high voltage introducing member for introducing a high voltage from a voltage source; and an independent wire which is electrically independent from the high voltage introducing member and formed surrounding a high voltage area in the vacuum container, wherein a resistor film is formed between the high voltage introducing member and the independent wire. The wire is formed inside and outside of the vacuum container and is connected to an earth potential.