摘要:
A process is described for reducing the total acid number of a refinery feedstock. In one embodiment, refinery feedstock containing naphthenic acids is contacted with an effective amount of solid catalyst in the presence of an aqueous caustic base, wherein the caustic base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, for a period of time sufficient to neutralize at least a portion of the naphthenic acids in the feedstock. Thereafter, the aqueous phase is separated from the neutralized refinery feedstock. In another embodiment catalyst is pretreated with a caustic base solution and contacted with refinery feedstock to reducing the total acid number.
摘要:
A hydrogenation catalyst including a base material coated with a catalytic metal is made using mechanical milling techniques. The hydrogenation catalysts are used as an excellent catalyst for the dehalogenation of contaminated compounds and the remediation of other industrial compounds. Preferably, the hydrogenation catalyst is a bimetallic particle including zero-valent metal particles coated with a catalytic material. The mechanical milling technique is simpler and cheaper than previously used methods for producing hydrogenation catalysts.
摘要:
Disclosed is a composition containing carbon nanotubes which meets all of the following conditions (1) to (4). (1) When observed via transmission electron microscopy, at least 50 out of every 100 carbon nanotubes are double-walled carbon nanotubes. (2) The carbon nanotubes have an average outer diameter in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 nm. (3) During thermogravimetric analysis under atmosphere at a temperature increase rate of 10° C./minute, a high temperature combustion peak is at 700 to 850° C., and the relationship between low temperature weight loss (TG(L)) and high temperature weight loss (TG(H)) is TG(H)/(TG(L)+TG(H))≧0.75. (4) The composition containing carbon nanotubes has a volume resistance value between 1.0×10−2 Ω·cm and 1.0×10−4 Ω·cm, inclusive. The disclosed composition containing carbon nanotubes primarily has double-walled carbon nanotubes with high electrical conductivity and high heat resistance.
摘要:
Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing gaseous hydrogen current or hydrogen-rich currents through hydrocarbon reforming with water vapor. Said catalyst comprises at least one support, an active phase and at least two promoting agents, and is characterized in that it is a metal-type-supported solid in which the active phase comprises at least one transition metal chosen from group VIII, and at least one promoting agent chosen from the alkaline-earth or transition metals; and the support comprises at least one mixed oxide with a basic nature, and at least one promoting agent chosen from among the lanthanides group. The invention also has as an object the process for preparing the catalyst, as well as its use in the process for obtaining the hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbons, in different operating conditions and using various types of hydrocarbons. The catalyst to which this invention pertains has elevated activity and selectivity toward the gasification of hydrocarbons, as well as a high resistance to various deactivation mechanisms which the catalyst undergoes during the reforming process with water vapor.
摘要:
A method for making a mesoporous or combined mesoporous/microporous inorganic oxide includes reacting a source of inorganic oxide with a complexing agent at a complexation temperature to provide a complex; decomposing the complex to provide a porous material precursor having an inorganic oxide framework containing at least some organic pore-forming agent; and removing the organic pore forming agent from the inorganic oxide framework by solvent extraction and/or calcination.
摘要:
A hydrogenation catalyst including a base material coated with a catalytic metal is made using mechanical milling techniques. The hydrogenation catalysts are used as an excellent catalyst for the dehalogenation of contaminated compounds and the remediation of other industrial compounds. Preferably, the hydrogenation catalyst is a bimetallic particle including zero-valent metal particles coated with a catalytic material. The mechanical milling technique is simpler and cheaper than previously used methods for producing hydrogenation catalysts.
摘要:
A process for the double-bond isomerization of olefins is disclosed. The process may include contacting a fluid stream comprising olefins with a fixed bed comprising an activated basic metal oxide isomerization catalyst to convert at least a portion of the olefin to its isomer. The isomerization catalysts disclosed herein may have a reduced cycle to cycle deactivation as compared to conventional catalysts, thus maintaining higher activity over the complete catalyst life cycle.