摘要:
The fixed-bed reactor of the present invention which solves the above problems is a fixed-bed reactor comprising: a first catalyst layer filled with a first catalyst for producing acrolein from propylene; a second catalyst layer filled with a second catalyst for producing acrylic acid from acrolein; and an inert substance layer provided between the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer, and filled with an inert substance of a cylindrical shape having a surrounding wall in which an opening is formed. The process for producing acrylic acid of the present invention is a process for producing acrylic acid comprising the step of producing acrylic acid from propylene by using the fixed-bed reactor of the present invention. According to the present invention, since the inert substance of a cylindrical shape having a surrounding wall in which an opening is formed is used as an inert substance, increase of a pressure loss can be drastically suppressed, degradation of the catalyst due to by-produced high-boiling substances and the like can be suppressed, and further the yield of acrylic acid can be enhanced, as compared with the case of using conventional inert substances. Accordingly, it is possible to produce acrylic acid at a high yield stably for a long period.
摘要:
The invention provides a method of gas-phase catalytic oxidation, in particular, a production method of (meth)acrylic acid, which enables stable continuous operation of gas-phase catalytic oxidation over a long term, maintaining high yield and suppressing increase in pressure loss. In the method a fixed bed reactor is used, in which a treating agent for removing organic substance and/or carbides, preferably a treating agent having an adsorption capacity of at least 0.05% by mass, as measured by crotonaldehyde as an indicator of organic substance, is disposed on the upstream side of the gas-phase oxidation catalyst layer in respect of the direction of the gas flow. It is desirable that at least a part of the treating agent is exchanged at a frequency of at least once a year.
摘要:
The invention offers an improvement in a process for start-up in the occasion of producing acrolein and acrylic acid by catalytically oxidizing propylene at vapor phase under high load conditions, the start-up meaning the step of increasing the propylene supply rate (loading) from the non-reacting condition to the prescribed reaction conditions. This process is characterized in that the propylene supply rate is increased in the start-up stage of the reaction until the prescribed composition of starting reactant gas and the flow rate of the starting reactant gas are obtained, while adjusting at least one of the reaction temperature, the composition of the starting reactant gas and flow rate of the starting reactant gas, so as to maintain the propylene conversion at not lower than 90 mol %, the maximum peak temperature of the catalyst layer in each reaction zone at no higher than 450° C., and the sum of each ΔT (maximum peak temperature of a catalyst layer—reaction temperature) at the catalyst layer in each of the reaction zones to be no more than 180° C., respectively. According to this process, the reaction speedily reaches the steady state (standard operating conditions) and a high acrolein and acrylic acid yield is stably achieved from the start of the reaction.
摘要:
The invention offers an improvement in a process for start-up in the occasion of producing acrylic acid by catalytically oxidizing acrolein at vapor phase under high load conditions, the start-up meaning the step of increasing the acrolein supply rate (loading) from the non-reacting condition to the prescribed reaction conditions. This process is characterized in that the acrolein supply rate is increased in the start-up stage of the reaction until the prescribed composition of starting reactant gas and the flow rate of the starting reactant gas are obtained, while adjusting at least one of the reaction temperature, the composition of the starting reactant gas and the flow rate of the starting reactant gas, so as to maintain the acrolein conversion at not lower than 90 mol %, the maximum peak temperature of the catalyst layer in each reaction zone at no higher than 400° C., and the sum of each ΔT (maximum peak temperature of a catalyst layer-reaction temperature) at the catalyst layer in each of the reaction zones to be no more than 150° C., respectively. According to this process, the reaction speedily reaches the steady state (standard operating conditions) and a high acrylic acid yield is stably achieved from the start of the reaction.
摘要:
There are disclosed a catalyst and a process for production of acrylic acid using this catalyst, wherein, even under conditions where hot spots are formed, the catalyst is excellent in activity, selectivity, and catalyst life time and displays stable performances for a long time. The catalyst is shown by the following formula (1): MoaVbWcCudAeBfCgOx (1) (wherein: A is at least one species selected from among cobalt, nickel, iron, lead, and bismuth; B is at least one species selected from among antimony, niobium, and tin; and C is at least one species selected from among silicon, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium; and further, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and x are atomic ratios of Mo, V, W, Cu, A, B, C, and O respectively; and, in the case of a=12, the following inequalities are satisfied: 2≦b≦15; 0
摘要翻译:公开了使用该催化剂的催化剂和丙烯酸的制造方法,其中即使在形成热点的条件下,催化剂的活性,选择性和催化剂寿命也优异,长时间显示出稳定的性能。 催化剂由下式(1)表示:<?in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“lead”?> Mo sub> a b> >>>>> e e O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O (1)<?in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”?>(其中:A是选自钴,镍,铁,铅中的至少一种 和铋; B是选自锑,铌和锡中的至少一种; C是选自硅,铝,钛和锆中的至少一种;此外,a,b,c,d, e,f,g和x分别是Mo,V,W,Cu,A,B,C和O的原子比;并且在a = 12的情况下,满足以下不等式:2 <= b <= 15; 0
摘要:
The present invention provides: a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, which can stably produce an aimed product for a long period when a solid particulate material such as a catalyst is packed and used for each substance; and its usage. The fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor comprises a plurality of reaction tubes that are packed with a solid particulate material and arranged in parallel, wherein the solid particulate material is weighed so as to be uniform volume, and is packed in each reaction tube in a packing time of not shorter than 30 seconds per liter.
摘要:
Improved catalysts for use in vapor phase oxidation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene, t-butanol and methyl-t-butyl ether with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas to produce the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid are provided. The improved catalysts are compositions comprising (A) a complex oxide containing as essential components molybdenum, bismuth and iron, which is known per se as a catalyst for said reaction and (B) a complex oxide containing cerium and zirconium as the essential components. When the improved catalysts are used, the production operation of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid can be continued stably for over prolonged period.
摘要:
A reaction for producing (metho)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid by vaporn-phase oxidation of at least a compound selected from propyl-ene, isobytylene, t-bytanol and methyl-t-butyl ether. For the process Complex oxide catalysts represented by the formula, MoaWbBicFedAeBfCgDhEiOx (in which A is Ni or Co; B is Na, K, Rb, Cs or Tl; C is an alkaline earth metal; D is P, Te, Sb, Sn, Ce, Pb, Nb, Mn, As, B or Zn; E is Si, Al, Ti or Zr; and where a is 12, 0≦b≦10, 0
摘要翻译:通过至少选自丙基,异丁烯,叔丁醇和甲基叔丁基醚的化合物的蒸发相氧化制备(甲基)丙烯醛和(甲基)丙烯酸的反应。 对于该方法,由式(其中A是Ni或Co; B是Na,K,Rb,Cs或Tl; C是碱土金属),D是P,Te,Sb,Sn,Ce ,Pb,Nb,Mn,As,B或Zn; E为Si,Al,Ti或Zr;其中a为12,0 <= b <= 10,0
摘要:
Provided is a process for producing acrylic acid stably at a high yield over a long period of time by subjecting acrolein or acrolein-containing gas to catalytic vapor phase oxidation. The above process is characterized by controlling the reaction so that the following equations (1) and (2) are satisfied: 1° C.≦T0−T1≦15° C. (1) T1
摘要:
A semiconductor device having inner leads secured via insulating adhesive films to the principal surface of a semiconductor chip and electrically connected to the respective external terminals of the semiconductor chip. The semiconductor device that can be about the size of the chip is so configured that an outer lead is continuously extended from each inner lead up to the rear surface opposite to the principal surface of the semiconductor chip in order to hold the leads and an external device in conduction.