公开(公告)号：US09187774B2

公开(公告)日：2015-11-17

申请号：US13581287

申请日：2011-02-25

申请人： James C. Liao ,  Kechun Zhang ,  Kwang Myung Cho

发明人： James C. Liao ,  Kechun Zhang ,  Kwang Myung Cho

IPC分类号： C12P13/04 ,  C12N9/06

CPC分类号： C12N9/0016 ,  C12P13/04 ,  C12P13/06 ,  C12Y104/01002 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： Healthcare costs are a significant worldwide, with many patients being denied medications because of their high prices. One approach to addressing this problem involves the biosynthesis of chiral drug intermediates, an environmentally friendly solution that can be used to generate pharmaceuticals at much lower costs than conventional techniques. In this context, embodiments of the invention comprise methods and materials designed to allow microorganisms to biosynthesize the nonnatural amino acid L-homoalanine. As is known in the art, L-homoalanine is a chiral precursor of a variety of pharmaceutically valuable compounds including the anticonvulsant medications levetiracetam (sold under the trade name Keppra®) and brivaracetam, as well as ethambutol, a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug used to treat tuberculosis. Consequently, embodiments of the invention can be used in low cost, environmentally friendly processes to generate these and other valuable compounds.

摘要翻译： 保健费用在世界范围内是重要的，许多患者由于价格高昂而被拒绝服用药物。 解决这一问题的一种方法涉及手性药物中间体的生物合成，这是一种环境友好的解决方案，可以以比传统技术低得多的成本生产药物。 在本文中，本发明的实施方案包括设计用于允许微生物生物合成非天然氨基酸L-高丙氨酸的方法和材料。 如本领域已知的，L-高丙氨酸是各种药学上有价值的化合物的手性前体，包括抗惊厥药物左乙拉西坦（商品名为Keppra）和布立西坦（brivaracetam）），以及乙胺丁醇，用于治疗的抑菌抗分支杆菌药物 结核。 因此，本发明的实施方案可以用于低成本，环境友好的方法以产生这些和其它有价值的化合物。

公开(公告)号：US09150889B2

公开(公告)日：2015-10-06

申请号：US13522288

申请日：2011-01-15

申请人： James C. Liao ,  Kwang Myung Cho

发明人： James C. Liao ,  Kwang Myung Cho

IPC分类号： C12P7/22 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12N9/04 ,  C12N9/88 ,  C12P7/04

CPC分类号： C12P7/22 ,  C12N9/0006 ,  C12N9/88 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12Y101/01001 ,  C12Y401/01072 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02P20/134 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y02P20/59

摘要： The disclosure provides a process that converts CO2 to higher alcohols (e.g. isobutanol) using electricity as the energy source. This process stores electricity (e.g. from solar energy, nuclear energy, and the like) in liquid fuels that can be used as high octane number gasoline substitutes. Instead of deriving reducing power from photosynthesis, this process derives reducing power from electrically generated mediators, either H2 or formate. H2 can be derived from electrolysis of water. Formate can be generated by electrochemical reduction of CO2. After delivering the reducing power in the cell, formate becomes CO2 and recycles back. Therefore, the biological CO2 fixation process can occur in the dark.

摘要翻译： 本公开提供了使用电作为能量源将CO 2转化为高级醇（例如异丁醇）的方法。 该方法在可用作高辛烷值汽油替代物的液体燃料中储存电力（例如来自太阳能，核能等）。 不是从光合作用中获得降低功率，而是从电生成的介质（H2或甲酸盐）中减少能量。 H2可以从电解水中得到。 甲酸可以通过电化学还原二氧化碳产生。 在细胞中提供还原能力后，甲酸成为二氧化碳并循环回收。 因此，生物二氧化碳固定过程可能发生在黑暗中。

公开(公告)号：US08750048B2

公开(公告)日：2014-06-10

申请号：US13238435

申请日：2011-09-21

申请人： Myung Cho ,  Seong-Je Park ,  Jung-Hwan Lee ,  Ji-Hwan Kim ,  Beom-Seok Hah

发明人： Myung Cho ,  Seong-Je Park ,  Jung-Hwan Lee ,  Ji-Hwan Kim ,  Beom-Seok Hah

IPC分类号： G11C16/34 ,  G11C16/28 ,  G11C16/06 ,  G11C16/26

CPC分类号： G11C11/5642 ,  G11C16/0483 ,  G11C2211/5646

摘要： A memory includes at least one first flag cell configured to store first flag data, at least one second flag cell configured to store second flag data, at least one first sensing node having a voltage level determined by the first flag data of the first flag cell, at least one second sensing having a voltage level determined by the second flag data of the second flag cell, a selection circuit configured to select the first sensing node or the second sensing node in response to a flag address; and a determination circuit having an internal node through which current corresponding to a voltage level of a selected sensing node flows and configured to determine a logic value of flag data corresponding to the selected sensing node among the first and second flag data by using an amount of current flowing through the internal node.

摘要翻译： 存储器包括被配置为存储第一标志数据的至少一个第一标志单元，被配置为存储第二标志数据的至少一个第二标志单元，具有由第一标志单元的第一标志数据确定的电压电平的至少一个第一感测节点 至少一个第二感测具有由第二标志单元的第二标志数据确定的电压电平，选择电路被配置为响应于标志地址选择第一感测节点或第二感测节点; 以及确定电路，其具有内部节点，通过所述内部节点流过与所选择的感测节点的电压电平相对应的电流，并且被配置为通过使用一定数量的第一和第二标志数据来确定与所选择的感测节点对应的标志数据的逻辑值 电流流过内部节点。

公开(公告)号：US20130288325A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-31

申请号：US13883531

申请日：2011-11-03

申请人： James C. Liao ,  Kwang Myung Cho ,  Yajun Yan ,  Yixin Huo

发明人： James C. Liao ,  Kwang Myung Cho ,  Yajun Yan ,  Yixin Huo

IPC分类号： C12N15/81 ,  C12N15/77 ,  C12N15/78 ,  C12N15/75 ,  C12N15/63 ,  C12N15/80

CPC分类号： C12N15/815 ,  C12N1/20 ,  C12N9/0016 ,  C12N9/1096 ,  C12N15/63 ,  C12N15/75 ,  C12N15/77 ,  C12N15/78 ,  C12N15/80 ,  C12N15/81 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/24 ,  C12P7/40 ,  C12P13/04 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y02P20/582

摘要： Provided herein are metabolically modified microorganisms characterized by having an increased keto-acid flux when compared with the wild-type organism and comprising at least one polynucleotide encoding an enzyme that when expressed results in the production of a greater quantity of a chemical product when compared with the wild-type organism. The recombinant microorganisms are useful for producing a large number of chemical compositions from various nitrogen containing biomass compositions and other carbon sources. More specifically, provided herein are methods of producing alcohols, acetaldehyde, acetate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, n-butyraldehyde, n-butyric acid, 2-methyl-1-butyraldehyde, 2-methyl-1-butyric acid, 3-methyl-1-butyraldehyde, 3-methyl-1-butyric acid, ammonia, ammonium, amino acids, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediamine, isobutene, itaconate, acetoin, acetone, isobutene, 1,5-diaminopentane, L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, shikimic acid, mevalonate, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), isoprenoids, fatty acids, homoalanine, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, tetrahydrofuran, 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, gamma-butyrolactone, pyrrolidinone, n-methylpyrrolidone, aspartic acid, lysine, cadeverine, 2-ketoadipic acid, and/or S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) from a suitable nitrogen rich biomass.

摘要翻译： 本文提供了代谢修饰的微生物，其特征在于与野生型生物体相比具有增加的酮酸通量，并且包含至少一种编码酶的多核苷酸，当表达导致产生更大量的化学产品时，与 野生型生物体。 重组微生物可用于从各种含氮生物质组合物和其它碳源生产大量化学成分。 更具体地，本文提供了生产醇，乙醛，乙酸酯，异丁醛，异丁酸，正丁醛，正丁酸，2-甲基-1-丁醛，2-甲基-1-丁酸，3-甲基-1-丁酸， 1-丁醛，3-甲基-1-丁酸，氨，铵，氨基酸，2,3-丁二醇，1,4-丁二醇，2-甲基-1,4-丁二醇，2-甲基-1,4-丁二醇， 丁二胺，异丁烯，衣康酸酯，乙偶姻，丙酮，异丁烯，1,5-二氨基戊烷，L-乳酸，D-乳酸，莽草酸，甲羟戊酸，聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB），类异戊二烯，脂肪酸，高丙氨酸，4-氨基丁酸 GABA），琥珀酸，苹果酸，柠檬酸，己二酸，对羟基肉桂酸，四氢呋喃，3-甲基 - 四氢呋喃，γ-丁内酯，吡咯烷酮，正 - 甲基吡咯烷酮，天冬氨酸，赖氨酸，仙茅素，2-酮己二酸 酸和/或S-腺苷 - 甲硫氨酸（SAM）。

公开(公告)号：US08451665B2

公开(公告)日：2013-05-28

申请号：US13232304

申请日：2011-09-14

申请人： Seong-Je Park ,  Jung-Hwan Lee ,  Ji-Hwan Kim ,  Myung Cho ,  Beom-Seok Hah

发明人： Seong-Je Park ,  Jung-Hwan Lee ,  Ji-Hwan Kim ,  Myung Cho ,  Beom-Seok Hah

IPC分类号： G11C16/04

CPC分类号： G11C11/5628 ,  G11C11/5635 ,  G11C16/0483 ,  G11C16/16

摘要： A method for operating a non-volatile memory device includes selecting a word line of a plurality of word lines in response to a program command and an received address, determining whether the selected word line is a word line set among the word lines, performing an erase operation on a second word line group of the word lines in response to a result of the determining, and performing a program operation on the selected word line.

摘要翻译： 用于操作非易失性存储器件的方法包括响应于程序命令和接收到的地址选择多个字线的字线，确定所选择的字线是否是字线中的字线，执行 响应于所述确定的结果对所述字线的第二字线组进行擦除操作，以及对所选择的字线执行编程操作。

公开(公告)号：US20130033940A1

公开(公告)日：2013-02-07

申请号：US13195548

申请日：2011-08-01

申请人： Myung Cho ,  Seong Je Park ,  Jung Hwan Lee

发明人： Myung Cho ,  Seong Je Park ,  Jung Hwan Lee

IPC分类号： G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/06

CPC分类号： G11C16/06 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C16/26

摘要： Methods and apparatus are disclosed, including an apparatus that has a memory cell array with a memory cell selectively coupled to a bit line. A control circuit is configured to provide a control signal. A voltage generator is configured to provide a sense signal and a precharge signal in response to the control signal. The apparatus further includes a page buffer configured to provide a bit line voltage to the bit line based on the sense signal and the precharge signal, to thereby control a programming of the memory cell.

摘要翻译： 公开了方法和装置，包括具有存储单元阵列的装置，存储单元阵列选择性地耦合到位线。 控制电路被配置为提供控制信号。 电压发生器被配置为响应于控制信号提供感测信号和预充电信号。 该装置还包括一个页面缓冲器，其配置为基于感测信号和预充电信号向位线提供位线电压，从而控制存储单元的编程。

公开(公告)号：US20120236618A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-20

申请号：US13420038

申请日：2012-03-14

申请人： Jung Hwan LEE ,  Seong Je PARK ,  Ji Hwan KIM ,  Myung CHO ,  Beom Seok HAH

发明人： Jung Hwan LEE ,  Seong Je PARK ,  Ji Hwan KIM ,  Myung CHO ,  Beom Seok HAH

IPC分类号： G11C15/00

CPC分类号： G11C15/046 ,  G11C16/10

摘要： A semiconductor memory device includes a memory array configured to include memory cells for storing input data and Code Address Memory (CAM) cells for storing setting data used to set an operation condition; an operation circuit configured to perform a CAM read operation by supplying a read voltage to the CAM cells, perform a test operation for detecting unstable CAM cells in each of which a difference between a threshold voltage and the read voltage is smaller than a permitted limit, from among the CAM cells, and perform an erase operation or a program operation for the unstable CAM cells; and a controller configured to control the operation circuit so that the program operation for storing the setting data in the unstable CAM cells is performed if the number of unstable CAM cells detected in the test operation is greater than a permitted value.

摘要翻译： 半导体存储器件包括：存储器阵列，被配置为包括用于存储输入数据的存储器单元和用于存储用于设置操作条件的设置数据的代码地址存储器（CAM）单元; 配置为通过向CAM单元提供读取电压来执行CAM读取操作的操作电路，执行用于检测阈值电压和读取电压之间的差小于允许极限的不稳定的CAM单元的测试操作， 从CAM单元中进行擦除操作或对不稳定的CAM单元的编程动作; 以及控制器，其被配置为如果在测试操作中检测到​​的不稳定的CAM单元的数量大于允许值，则执行用于将设置数据存储在不稳定的CAM单元中的程序操作。

公开(公告)号：US20120008416A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-12

申请号：US13177764

申请日：2011-07-07

申请人： Myung CHO ,  Hwang HUH ,  Jung Hwan LEE ,  Ji Hwan KIM

发明人： Myung CHO ,  Hwang HUH ,  Jung Hwan LEE ,  Ji Hwan KIM

IPC分类号： G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/06

CPC分类号： G11C16/26 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C29/1201 ,  G11C29/50 ,  G11C2029/5006 ,  G11C2216/14

摘要： A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array comprising a plurality of cell strings and a page buffer group comprising a plurality of page buffers coupled to the respective cell string through bit lines. Each of the page buffers includes a latch unit for storing data to be programmed into memory cells included in the cell string or for storing data read from the memory cells. Each of the page buffers is coupled to a pad for the test operation of the memory cells according to data stored in the latch unit in the test operation.

摘要翻译： 半导体存储器件包括包括多个单元串的存储单元阵列和包括通过位线耦合到各个单元串的多个页缓冲器的页缓冲器组。 每个页面缓冲器包括用于存储要被编程到包括在单元串中的存储器单元中的数据或用于存储从存储器单元读取的数据的锁存单元。 根据在测试操作中存储在锁存单元中的数据，每个页缓冲器被耦合到用于存储器单元的测试操作的焊盘。

公开(公告)号：US07847134B2

公开(公告)日：2010-12-07

申请号：US12594025

申请日：2009-02-27

申请人： Jung Ho Lee ,  Jong San Chang ,  Young Kyu Hwang ,  Hyun Kwan Shin ,  Kwang Myung Cho ,  Bong Keun Song ,  Yong Hwan Kim

发明人： Jung Ho Lee ,  Jong San Chang ,  Young Kyu Hwang ,  Hyun Kwan Shin ,  Kwang Myung Cho ,  Bong Keun Song ,  Yong Hwan Kim

IPC分类号： C07C29/147

CPC分类号： C07C29/149 ,  B01J23/626 ,  B01J23/6567 ,  B01J23/8966 ,  B01J37/0009 ,  B01J37/031 ,  B01J37/10 ,  B01J37/18 ,  B01J2523/00 ,  C07C31/12 ,  B01J2523/27 ,  B01J2523/43 ,  B01J2523/821 ,  B01J2523/74 ,  B01J2523/828 ,  B01J2523/845 ,  B01J2523/17 ,  B01J2523/47 ,  B01J2523/41

摘要： Disclosed herein is a method for producing monohydric alcohols from monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof using a catalyst comprising ruthenium (Ru) and tin (Sn) using zinc oxide (ZnO) as both a catalyst support and an active promoter; a catalyst prepared by adding an inorganic binder such as silica, alumina or titania in a limited range to the catalyst comprising the above components in order to impart a shaping ability to the catalyst; or, a modified catalyst reformed by adding at least one reducing component selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Rh, Pd, Re, Ir, and Pt to the catalyst in order to improve the reducing ability of the catalyst. By using such catalysts, the method according to the present invention is advantageous in that the monohydric alcohols can be prepared in high yield regardless of whether the monocarboxylic acids contain water or not, the monohydric alcohols can be economically prepared because the catalysts can be operated under mild reaction conditions and also exhibits high selectivity and productivity compared to conventional catalysts, and the catalysts have excellent long-term reaction stability so as to be advantageous for industrial applications.

摘要翻译： 本文公开了使用氧化锌（ZnO）作为催化剂载体和活性促进剂两者，使用包含钌（Ru）和锡（Sn）的催化剂由一元羧酸或其衍生物生产一元醇的方法; 通过在包含上述组分的催化剂的有限范围内加入无机粘合剂如二氧化硅，氧化铝或二氧化钛制备的催化剂，以赋予催化剂成型能力; 或者，通过向催化剂中添加选自Co，Ni，Cu，Ag，Rh，Pd，Re，Ir和Pt中的至少一种还原成分而改性的改性催化剂，以提高催化剂的还原能力 。 通过使用这样的催化剂，根据本发明的方法的优点在于，一元醇可以以高产率制备，而不管单羧酸是否含有水，一元醇可经济地制备，因为催化剂可以在 温和的反应条件，并且与常规催化剂相比表现出高选择性和生产率，并且催化剂具有优异的长期反应稳定性，从而有利于工业应用。

公开(公告)号：US20100081173A1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-01

申请号：US12522004

申请日：2008-01-15

申请人： Young-hoon Park ,  Kwang-myung Cho ,  Hee-jong Lee ,  Jin-nam Lee

发明人： Young-hoon Park ,  Kwang-myung Cho ,  Hee-jong Lee ,  Jin-nam Lee

IPC分类号： C12P19/40 ,  C12N1/21

CPC分类号： C12P19/32 ,  C12N9/16 ,  C12N9/2497 ,  C12P19/40 ,  C12Y302/02008

摘要： The present invention relates to a microorganism producing inosine, which is one of purine nucleoside, an important material for 5′-inosinic acid synthesis, and method for producing inosine using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism of Corynebacterium genus producing inosine at high concentration by inactivating the gene encoding nucleoside hydrolase II and by enhancing the expression of the gene encoding 5′-nucleotidase, which still retains the characteristics of Corynebacterium ammoniagenes CJIP2401 (KCCM-10610).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种生产肌苷的微生物，其是嘌呤核苷之一，是5'-肌苷酸合成的重要材料，以及使用其的产生肌苷的方法。 更具体地说，本发明涉及通过使编码核苷水解酶II的基因失活而产生高浓度肌苷的棒杆菌属的重组微生物，并且通过增强仍保留产氨棒杆菌CJIP2401的特征的编码5'-核苷酸酶的基因的表达， （KCCM-10610）。