摘要:
Improved steel compositions and methods of making the same are provided. The present disclosure provides advantageous corrosion and/or cracking resistant steel. More particularly, the present disclosure provides high manganese (Mn) steel compositions having enhanced corrosion and/or cracking resistance, and methods for fabricating high manganese steel compositions having enhanced corrosion and/or cracking resistance. Methods for fabricating high manganese steel compositions (e.g., via passivation) having enhanced corrosion and/or cracking resistance are also provided.
摘要:
A method for inhibiting corrosion under insulation (CUI) on the exterior of a structure, e.g., pipelines, piping, vessels and tanks, is provided. The method involves providing a structure that is at least partially formed from a corrosion resistant carbon steel (CRCS) composition. The CRCS composition includes corrosion resistance alloying additions in the amount of 0.1 weight percent to 9 weight percent. At least one alloying addition has a low free energy of formation for its oxide and/or hydroxide, e.g., vanadium and/or titanium. A corrosion inhibited structure that includes a structure at least partially formed from a corrosion resistant carbon steel (CRCS) composition, and insulation positioned around at least a portion of the structure.
摘要:
A computer model calculates a critical aspect ratio for a discontinuous fiber composite having fibers dispersed in a matrix. The critical aspect ratio is a function of the elastic modulus and the cohesive energy of the fiber and the matrix. The composite incorporates physical features such as fiber shape features or additives in the fiber or matrix which adjust the elastic modulus and/or cohesive energy of the fiber, of the matrix or both to a value different than the corresponding value for unmodified fiber material or matrix material. These adjustments are selected so that the critical aspect ratio for the material including the modifications will be less than the corresponding critical aspect ratio for the material without the modifications. The resulting composite provides enhanced load sharing between fiber and matrix.
摘要:
In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having carbon partial pressure of 10−22 bar, an oxygen partial pressure of 10−10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention includes a method for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock using a pyrolysis reactor system comprising the step of providing in a heated region of a pyrolysis reactor system for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, apparatus comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and that remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having a carbon partial pressure of 10−22 bar, an oxygen partial pressure of 10−10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C.
摘要:
Cermets are provided in which the ceramic phase is selected from the group consisting of Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Cr3C2 and mixtures thereof. The binder phase is selected from certain specified Ni/Cr alloys and certain Fe/Ni/Cr alloys. These cermets are particularly useful in protecting surfaces from erosion at high temperatures.
摘要翻译:提供了金属陶瓷,其中陶瓷相选自Cr 23 C 6 C 6 C 6 C 7 C 6, SUB 3,Cr 3 3 C 2和它们的混合物。 粘结相选自某些特定的Ni / Cr合金和某些Fe / Ni / Cr合金。 这些金属陶瓷特别适用于在高温下保护表面免受侵蚀。
摘要:
A method for determining and identifying corrosion protective layers that provide corrosion protection against crude oils and crude oil fractions is disclosed. The method identifies naturally occurring constituents in crude oils that indirectly provide corrosion protection. A method assessing the potential of these constituents is also disclosed. The method includes exposing metal coupons with the crude oil or crude fraction of interest at the expected operating temperature of concern. The corrosion potential assessment further analyzes the exposed coupons with transmission electron microscopy and an additional high temperature exposure that challenges the tenacity of the protection offered by the corrosion protective layer.
摘要:
A method for refining the grain size of alloys which undergo ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transformation and an alloy produced therefrom. By subjecting the alloy to a timed application of a strong magnetic field, the temperature of phase boundaries can be shifted enabling phase transformations at lower temperatures.
摘要:
A method for refining the grain size of alloys which undergo ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transformation and an alloy produced therefrom. By subjecting the alloy to a timed application of a strong magnetic field, the temperature of phase boundaries can be shifted enabling phase transformations at lower temperatures.
摘要:
In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, said apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of no less than 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having carbon partial pressure of 10−22 bar and oxygen partial pressure of 10−10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C.; wherein said refractory material has no less than 4 vol % formed porosity, measured at 20° C., based upon the bulk volume of said refractory material. In another embodiment, the refractory material has total porosity in the range of from 4 to 60 vol %.
摘要:
In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10−15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10−15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10−15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10−15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention includes a method for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock using a pyrolysis reactor system comprising the step of providing in a heated region of a pyrolysis reactor system for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, apparatus comprising the above refractory material.