摘要:
An electrochemical deposition and testing system consisting of individually addressable electrode arrays, a fully automated deposition head, and a parallel screening apparatus is described. The system is capable of synthesizing and screening millions of new compositions at an unprecedented rate.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus are provided for the preparation of a substrate having an array of diverse materials, the materials being deposited at spatially addressable, predefined regions. In particular, potential masking systems are provided which generate spatially and temporally varying electric, magnetic and chemical potentials across a substrate. These varying potentials are used to deposit components of source materials onto a substrate in a combinatorial fashion, thus creating arrays of materials that differ slightly in chemical composition, concentration, stoichiometry, and/or thickness. The diverse materials may be organized in discrete arrays, or they may vary continuously over the surface of the substrate. The shape of the potential allows the determination of the composition of the resulting materials at all locations on the substrate.
摘要:
This invention relates generally to new luminescent materials. Specifically, this invention relates to the discovery of phosphor materials in the forms of A.sub.2 BX.sub.4, ABX.sub.4-y :M and A.sub.3-z B.sub.5 X.sub.12 :M.sub.z. More specifically, this invention relates to the discovery of phosphor materials having compositions of matter in the forms, Sr.sub.2 CeO.sub.4, (Y.sub.0.82 Al.sub.0.07 La.sub.0.06)VO.sub.4 :Eu.sub.0.05 and (Y.sub.0.5 Gd.sub.0.5).sub.2.97 (Al.sub.0.5 Ga.sub.0.5).sub.5 O.sub.12 :CeO.sub.0.03.
摘要:
Devices and methods for controlling and monitoring the progress and properties of multiple reactions are disclosed. The method and apparatus are especially useful for synthesizing, screening, and characterizing combinatorial libraries, but also offer significant advantages over conventional experimental reactors as well. The apparatus generally includes multiple vessels for containing reaction mixtures, and systems for controlling the stirring rate and temperature of individual reaction mixtures or groups of reaction mixtures. In addition, the apparatus may include provisions for independently controlling pressure in each vessel, and a system for injecting liquids into the vessels at a pressure different than ambient pressure. In situ monitoring of individual reaction mixtures provides feedback for process controllers, and also provides data for determining reaction rates, product yields, and various properties of the reaction products, including viscosity and molecular weight. Computer-based methods are disclosed for process monitoring and control, and for data display and analysis.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for carrying out and monitoring the progress and properties of multiple reactions is disclosed. The method and apparatus are especially useful for synthesizing, screening, and characterizing combinatorial libraries, but also offer significant advantages over conventional experimental reactors as well. The apparatus generally includes multiple vessels for containing reaction mixtures, and systems for controlling the stirring rate and temperature of individual reaction mixtures or groups of reaction mixtures. In addition, the apparatus may include provisions for independently controlling pressure in each vessel. In situ monitoring of individual reaction mixtures provides feedback for process controllers, and also provides data for determining reaction rates, product yields, and various properties of the reaction products, including viscosity and molecular weight.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring properties of a fluid composition includes a mechanical resonator connected to a measurement circuit. The measurement circuit provides a variable frequency input signal to the mechanical resonator, causing the mechanical resonator to oscillate. To test the properties of a liquid composition, the mechanical resonator is placed inside a sample well containing a small amount of the fluid. The input signal is then sent to the mechanical resonator and swept over a selected frequency range. The mechanical resonator's response over the frequency range depends on various characteristics of the fluid being tested, such as the temperature, viscosity, and other physical properties. The invention is particularly suitable for combinatorial chemistry applications, which require rapid analysis of chemical properties for screening.
摘要:
A method for measuring properties of a fluid that includes oscillating a tuning fork resonator in a fluid. The invention is particularly suitable for in-line monitoring of various physical and electrical properties of fluids flowing in a conduit.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring properties of a liquid composition includes a mechanical resonator, such as a thickness shear mode resonator or a tuning fork resonator, connected to a measurement circuit. The measurement circuit provides a variable frequency input signal to the tuning fork, causing the mechanical resonator to oscillate. To test the properties of a liquid composition, the mechanical resonator is placed inside a sample well containing a small amount of the liquid. The input signal is then sent to the mechanical resonator and swept over a selected frequency range, preferably less than 1 MHz to prevent the liquid being tested from exhibiting gel-like characteristics and causing false readings. The mechanical resonator's response over the frequency range depends on various characteristics of the liquid being tested, such as the temperature, viscosity, and other physical properties. Particular mechanical resonators, such as tuning fork resonators, can also be used to measure a liquid composition's electrical properties, such as the dielectric constant and conductivity, because the tuning fork's structure allows a high degree of electrical coupling between the tuning fork and the surrounding liquid. The mechanical resonator can be covered with a coating to impart additional special detection properties to the resonator, and multiple resonators can be attached together as a single sensor to obtain multiple frequency responses. The invention is particularly suitable for combinatorial chemistry applications, which require rapid analysis of chemical properties for screening.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring properties of a liquid composition includes a mechanical resonator, such as a cantilever, connected to a measurement circuit. The mechanical resonator's response over the frequency range depends on various characteristics of the liquid being tested, such as the temperature, viscosity, and other physical properties. The invention is particularly suitable for combinatorial chemistry applications, which require rapid analysis of chemical properties for screening.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring properties of a liquid composition includes a mechanical resonator, such as a cantilever, connected to a measurement circuit. The mechanical resonator can be covered with a coating to impart additional special detection propertied to the resonator, and multiple resonators can be attached together as a single sensor to obtain multiple frequency responses. The invention is particularly suitable for combinatorial chemistry applications, which require rapid analysis of chemical properties for screening. In one embodiment, the resonator is operated at a frequency of less than 1 MHz.