摘要:
A fuel processing system is disclosed. The system includes a steam reformer adapted to produce hydrogen from a feedstock consisting of water and at least one of an alcohol and a hydrocarbon feedstock. The feedstock is exposed to one or more reformation regions including a reformation catalyst and to a membrane region including at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.
摘要:
A fuel reforming apparatus is provided for generating a hydrogen-rich gas. The fuel reforming apparatus includes an evaporator comprising an evaporation chamber for evaporating the fuel vapor by evaporating a hydrocarbon fuel-water mixture by an evaporator using a combustion gas formed in a combustor; a heating chamber for heating the fuel vapor by a combustion gas output from the evaporation chamber; and a guiding path for guiding the combustion gas output from the evaporation chamber to the heating chamber along the floor of the evaporating room. In the heating chamber, the fuel vapor generated in the evaporation chamber is uniformly heated in an atmosphere with a homogeneous temperature of the combustion gas output from a heating medium tube, while the fuel vapor is circulating in the vapor tube.
摘要:
An ethylbenzene production system comprises a reactor vessel, a vapor phase ethylene feed stream, a benzene feed stream entering the reactor vessel, and a product stream containing ethylbenzene exiting the reactor vessel. The reactor vessel has an ethylation section and a benzene stripping section, whereby fluid communication via integrated vapor and liquid traffic is maintained between the ethylation section and stripping section. The vapor phase ethylene feed stream contains 3 to 50 mol % ethylene and at least 20 mol % methane entering the reactor vessel.
摘要:
A description is given here of a novel process for the production of monocarboxylic and polycarboxylic aromatic acids by the catalytic oxidation in homogeneous phase of aromatic compounds carrying at least one oxidizable substituent group attached directly to the carbon atom of the corresponding aromatic nucleus. The novel process according to the present invention comprises the steps of: a) catalytically oxidizing the corresponding aromatic precursors in liquid phase in the presence of gaseous oxygen; b) filtering the end product; c) recycling into the oxidation reactor at least part of the mother liquors resulting from the filtration stage, and is characterized by the fact that said steps from (a) to (c) are carried out in a closed and continuous cycle operating substantially under the same pressure and temperature conditions, preferably at 2-10 barg and 100-140° C.
摘要:
A microanalytical device is provided for conducting chemical processes using small amounts of fluid. The devices include microstructures, e.g., microcavities, microchannels and the like, that are laser ablated or otherwise formed in a support substrate, and can be used in a variety of chemical and biochemical methods, including chromatographic, electrophoretic and electrochromatographic separations, screening and diagnostics, and chemical and biochemical synthesis. The devices are formed from a material that is thermally and chemically stable and resistant to biofouling, significantly reducing electroosmotic flow and unwanted adsorption of solute. Preferred materials are polymeric.
摘要:
An apparatus for treating a gas containing hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide, comprising a liquid-gas reactor-contactor (2), means (3) for supplying gas to be treated and means (1) for supplying an organic solvent containing a catalyst, means (25) for recovering sulphur an doutlet means (20) for a gaseous effluent containing sulphur in vapour form, the apparatus being characterized in that it comprises at least one means (7) for contacting and cooling the gaseous effluent, delivering a three-phase effluent, having an inlet connected to the effluent outlet means (20) and to means (6, 13) for recycling a cooling solvent, means (30) for separating said three-phase effluent connected to the cooling means, adapted to separate purified gas from sulphur and comprising means (17) for evacuating purified gas, means (15) for extracting sulphur and means (14) for recovering solvent connected to the means (6, 13) for recycling the cooling solvent.
摘要:
A vertical condenser is installed on or above a urea synthesis column to condense the mixed gas from the stripper by bringing it into contact with an absorption medium under cooling. A first down pipe for making the top part of the condenser communicate with the bottom part of the synthesis column is provided to allow the resultant condensate to flow down to the bottom part of the synthesis column by gravity. The condensate is subjected to urea synthesis together with feed ammonia or a part of feed carbon dioxide supplied thereto. The urea synthesis solution thus formed is introduced into the stripper by gravity through a second down pipe having an opening in the top part of the synthesis column. Unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide are separated as the aforesaid mixed gas by the rest of the feed carbon dioxide and introduced into the bottom part of the aforesaid condenser so as to be condensed. Alternatively, the condensate from the vertical condenser is sucked by means of an ejector using preheated feed liquid ammonia as the driving fluid, so that it is introduced into the bottom part of the urea synthesis column and is subjected to urea synthesis.
摘要:
A continuous flow chemical reaction apparatus comprises a tubular reactor having a length and having a first fluid reactant inlet at a first end and a product outlet at a second end, said tubular reactor having a central tube/interior conduit extending lengthwise within said tubular reaction zone, said conduit having at least one injector within the length of said conduit, said injector capable of introducing a controlled amount of a second fluid reactant into said tubular reactor.
摘要:
In this process, during at least one phase of the treatment cycle, the gas outflow is increased or decreased locally in at least one marginal region of the packing. Application to drying/CO2 removal of atmospheric air intended to be distilled, or to the separation of gaseous mixtures by pressure modulated adsorption.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of acetals and ketals by reacting an aldehyde or Ketone with an alcohol in the presence of solid acid and removing water by pervaporation. Manufacturing equipment for the preparation of acetals and ketones is also provided.