Abstract:
A bonding material stack for wafer-to-wafer bonding is provided. The bonding material stack may include a plurality of layers each including boron and nitrogen. In one embodiment, the plurality of layers may include: a first boron oxynitride layer for adhering to a wafer; a boron nitride layer over the first boron oxynitride layer; a second boron oxynitride layer over the boron nitride layer; and a silicon-containing boron oxynitride layer over the second boron oxynitride layer.
Abstract:
A metallic dopant element having a greater oxygen-affinity than copper is introduced into, and/or over, surface portions of copper-based metal pads and/or surfaces of a dielectric material layer embedding the copper-based metal pads in each of two substrates to be subsequently bonded. A dopant-metal silicate layer may be formed at the interface between the two substrates to contact portions of metal pads not in contact with a surface of another metal pad, thereby functioning as an oxygen barrier layer, and optionally as an adhesion material layer. A dopant metal rich portion may be formed in peripheral portions of the metal pads in contact with the dopant-metal silicate layer. A dopant-metal oxide portion may be formed in peripheral portions of the metal pads that are not in contact with a dopant-metal silicate layer.
Abstract:
A method of improving chip-to-chip alignment accuracy for circuitry-including wafer-to-wafer bonding. The method comprises providing separate stages for holding first and second circuitry-including wafers, each stage including a plurality of adjacent thermal actuators arranged in an array integrated with the stage; determining planar distortions of a bonding surface of the first and second circuitry-including wafers; mapping the planar distortions for each wafer based on the relative planar distortions thereon; deducing necessary local thermal expansion measurements for each wafer to compensate for the relative distortions based on the mapping; translating the thermal expansion measurements into a non-uniform wafer temperature profile model and a local heat flux profile model for each wafer; aligning the first and second wafers; and bonding the first and second wafers together. The bonding process includes simultaneously thermally treating at least one of the wafers in situ by individually adjusting the temperature of one or more thermal actuators in the array in accordance with the wafer temperature profile model and the local heat flux model to induce thermal expansion over a surface area corresponding to the dimensions of each adjusted thermal actuator.
Abstract:
One illustrative method disclosed herein includes, among other things, performing at least one etching process through an overall masking layer to define an opening in a layer of insulating material, wherein the overall masking layer is comprised of a patterned metal-silicate masking layer that is positioned on and in contact with the layer of insulating material and a patterned masking layer positioned on and in contact with the patterned metal-silicate masking layer, over-filling the opening with a conductive material and performing at least one planarization process so as to remove excess materials positioned outside of the opening above the patterned metal-silicate masking layer and thereby define a conductive structure that is positioned in the opening.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to integrated circuit (IC) structures and fabrication techniques. Methods according to the disclosure can include: providing a precursor structure including: a first inter-metal dielectric (IMD); a barrier dielectric positioned on the first IMD; forming an insulator on the barrier dielectric of the precursor structure, wherein an upper surface of the insulator includes a first trench and a second trench laterally separated from the first trench; forming an alignment marker over the precursor structure by filling the first trench with a first refractory metal film; forming a first metal-insulator-metal (MIM) electrode by filling the second trench with the first refractory metal film; recessing the insulator without exposing an upper surface of the barrier dielectric; forming a MIM dielectric layer on the insulator; and forming a second MIM electrode on the MIM dielectric layer, such that the second MIM electrode overlies a portion of the first MIM electrode.
Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to semiconductor structures and methods of manufacture and, more particularly, to the temporary bonding of a semiconductor wafer to handler wafer during processing. The semiconductor wafer may be temporarily bonded to the handler wafer by forming a sacrificial layer on a surface of a handler wafer, forming a first dielectric layer on a surface of the sacrificial layer, forming a second dielectric layer on a surface of a semiconductor wafer, and directly bonding the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer to form a bonding layer. After the semiconductor wafer is processed, it may be removed from the handler wafer along with the bonding layer by degrading the sacrificial layer with infrared radiation transmitted through the handler wafer.