摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for catalytically converting material of biological origin into hydrocarbons useful as fuel components. The process includes hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization of the material. The present invention relates also to a reactor and an apparatus suitable for use in the process.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for producing mixture of fuel components, which process comprises providing a feed of biological origin; subjecting said feed of biological origin and a hydrogen gas feed to a single step of hydroprocessing in the presence of a catalyst system comprising dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of fuel components. The present invention relates also to an apparatus for producing a mixture of fuel components from a feed of biological origin. The invention relates also to the use of the fuel components.
摘要:
The invention relates to the use of biomethanol from the pulp industry in the production of biohydrogen. The preferred biomethanol comprises purified biomethanol derived from black liquor. The invention also relates to a process for the production of biohydrogen from crude biomethanol recovered from black liquor and to a process for producing hydrocarbon biofuel using such biohydrogen as a hydrogen source. The invention further relates to a biofuel production facility for producing fuel from biohydrogen and biohydrocarbon, and to biofuel so produced. The invention makes it possible to produce a biofuel, wherein 100% of the raw material stems from non-fossil sources.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an integrated process for producing diesel fuel or fuel additive from biological material by producing paraffins by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction on one hand and by a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio oils and fats on the other hand. The two hydrocarbon streams are combined and distilled together. The invention also relates to the use of lignocellulosic material, such as by-products of the wood-processing industry for producing diesel fuel and to a method for narrowing the chain length distribution of Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel fuel. The invention provides a high-quality middle distillate fraction from various biological sources and most preferably from by-products of the wood-processing industry. The invention also relates to equipment for producing fuel form biological material, which comprises a hydrodeoxygenation reactor (3) for hydrocarbons, a cracking/isomerization reactor (11) for FT paraffins and a separation unit (12) for the combined hydrocarbons. Hydrogen is separated from light fractions in a separation unit (9) and reformed in the process. The equipment is advantageously integrated with a pulp and paper mill, which provides biological material and receives waste and energy.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for producing base oils, comprisings the steps where feedstock selected from ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids and anhydrides of carboxylic acids, alpha olefins, metal salts of carboxylic acids and corresponding sulphur compounds, corresponding nitrogen compounds and combinations thereof, is subjected to a condensation step and subsequently subjected to a combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step.
摘要:
The object of the invention is a catalyst system for selective alkylation of toluene with propylene. The catalyst system contains metallic sodium on a K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 carrier and transition metal oxide, which advantageously is CeO.sub.2, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, as promoter. The invention also concerns a procedure for selective alkylation of toluene with propylene in the presence of a catalyst system.
摘要翻译:PCT No.PCT / FI87 / 00174 Sec。 371日期1988年8月11日 102(e)日期1988年8月11日PCT提交1987年12月29日PCT公布。 出版物WO88 / 04955 日期:1988年7月14日。本发明的目的是用丙烯选择性烷基化甲苯的催化剂体系。 催化剂体系在K 2 CO 3载体和过渡金属氧化物上含有金属钠,其有利地是CeO 2,Dy 2 O 3或Fe 2 O 3作为助催化剂。 本发明还涉及在催化剂体系存在下用丙烯选择性烷基化甲苯的方法。
摘要:
The object of the invention is a catalyst system for selective alkylation of toluene with propylene. The catalyst system contains metallic sodium which has been thermally decomposed from sodium azide (NaN.sub.3) or sodium oxide (Na.sub.2 O) onto the surface of solid K.sub.2 CO.sub.3. The invention further concerns a procedure for preparing this catalyst system and a procedure for selectively alkylating toluene with propylene in the presence of a catalyst system.
摘要:
The present invention concerns a catalyst for alkylation of alkyl aromatics with olefins, i.e. alkylating toluene, a procedure for the production of the catalyst, and a procedure for carrying out the alkylating of the toluene. The catalyst system contains sodium oxide (Na.sub.2 O) on a potassium carbonate (K.sub.2 CO.sub.3) carrier, preferably at about 10 to 70%.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种用烯烃烷基化烷基芳烃的催化剂,即烷基化甲苯,制备催化剂的方法以及进行甲苯烷基化的方法。 催化剂体系在碳酸钾(K 2 CO 3)载体上含有氧化钠(Na 2 O),优选约10至70%。
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing liquid hydro carbonaceous product (1) such as biofuel from solid biomass (2). The method comprises a gasifying step for gasifying solid biomass (2) in a gasifier (6) to produce raw synthesis gas (3), conditioning of the raw synthesis gas (3) to purify the raw synthesis gas (3) to obtain purified synthesis gas (4) having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide between 2.5 to 1 and 0.5 to 1, preferably to between 2.1 to 1 and 1.8 to 1, more preferably about 2 to 1, and subjecting purified synthesis gas (4) to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor (5) to produce liquid hydro carbonaceous product (1).
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds; subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a hydroprocessing catalyst to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process. The invention further relates to a use of the hydrocarbon components produced by the process as a fuel or as an additive in fuel compositions. The invention also relates to a use of a NiW catalyst on a support selected from Al2O3, zeolite, zeolite-Al2O3, and Al2O3—SiO2 for producing fuel or an additive for fuel compositions from a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种生产烃组分的方法,包括:提供包含妥尔油和萜烯类化合物的原料; 在加氢处理催化剂的存在下使原料和氢气进料进行加氢处理以产生包括正链烷烃的烃组分,并在脱蜡催化剂存在下将包含正链烷烃的烃组分进行异构化以形成混合物 的烃组分。 本发明还涉及一种用于实现该过程的装置。 本发明还涉及通过该方法制备的烃组分作为燃料或作为燃料组合物中的添加剂的用途。 本发明还涉及NiW催化剂在选自Al 2 O 3,沸石,沸石-Al 2 O 3和Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2的载体上的用途,用于从包含妥尔油和萜烯类化合物的原料生产燃料或用于燃料组合物的添加剂。